Statement of the Problem: In the literature, the relationship between sleep quality and periodontal diseases has been mentioned, but still there is a lack of consensus and a valid conclusion in the results obtained.
Purpose: This study aimed to compare the sleep quality of patients with periodontitis and their healthy counterparts. The correlation between sleep quality score and age, gender, occupation, brushing pattern, and the severity of periodontal disease was also investigated.
Materials and Method: This case-control study was conducted on 106 patients with periodontitis and 106 controls with healthy periodontium referring to the Periodontology Department of Yazd Dental School from December 2021 to April 2022. The sleep quality of the two groups was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test, and linear regression to assess possible correlations between the sleep quality score and demographic variables, tooth brushing pattern, and presence of periodontitis and its severity (alpha=0.05).
Results: Totally, 149 females (70.3%) and 63 males (29.7%) with the mean age of 34.17±8.29 years, participated in this study. The sleep quality score had no significant correlation with age, gender, occupation, or tooth brushing pattern (p> 0.05). However, the sleep quality had a significant correlation with periodontitis (OR= 1.15, CI 95%: 1.02-1.29, p= 0.01). The sleep quality score had no significant correlation with the severity of periodontal disease (p= 0.225).
Conclusion: Sleep quality of patients with periodontitis was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. |
- Cekici A, Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van*Dyke TE. Inflammatory and immune pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2014; 64: 57-80.
- Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2013; 62: 59-94.
- Grover V, Malhotra R, Kaur H. Exploring association between sleep deprivation and chronic periodontitis: a pilot study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2015; 19: 304-307.
- Mullington JM, Simpson NS, Meier-Ewert HK, Haack M. Sleep loss and inflammation. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 24: 775-784.
- Zielinski MR, Krueger JM. Sleep and innate immunity. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2011; 3: 632-642.
- Gunaratnam K, Taylor B, Curtis B, Cistulli P. Obstructive sleep apnoea and periodontitis: a novel association? Sleep Breath. 2009; 13: 233-239.
- Irwin MR. Why sleep is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunology perspective. Annu Rev Psychol. 2015; 66: 143-172.
- Mindell JA, Moore M. Bedtime problems and night Wakings Principles and practice of pediatric sleep medicine. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/abs /pii/ B9781455703180000140?via%3 Dihub
- Wolk R, Gami AS, Garcia-Touchard A, Somers VK, Rahimtoola SH. Sleep and cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2005; 30: 625-662.
- Irwin MR, Carrillo C, Olmstead R. Sleep loss activates cellular markers of inflammation: sex differences. Brain Behav Immun. 2010; 24: 54-57.
- Frey DJ, Fleshner M, Wright KP*Jr. The effects of 40 hours of total sleep deprivation on inflammatory markers in healthy young adults. Brain Behav Immun. 2007; 21: 1050-1057.
- Velázquez-Moctezum J, Esqueda-León E, Ibarra-Corona-do E. Reciprocal relationship between sleep and the immune response: a survey. Open Neuroendocrinology J. 2010; 3: 215-220.
- Blair LM, Porter K, Leblebicioglu B, Christian LM. Poor sleep quality and associated inflammation predict preterm birth: heightened risk among African Americans Sleep. 2015; 38: 1259-1267.
- Meier-Ewert HK, Ridker PM, Rifai N, Regan MM, Price NJ, Dinges DF, et al. Effect of sleep loss on Creactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43: 678-683.
- Singh VP, Gan JY, Liew WL, Kyaw Soe HH, Nettem S, Nettemu SK. Association between quality of sleep and chronic periodontitis: A case-control study in Malaysian population. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2019; 16: 29-35.
- Karaaslan F, Dikilitaş A. The association between stage-grade of periodontitis and sleep quality and oral health related quality of life. J Periodontol. 2019; 90: 1133-1141.
- Islam MM, Ekuni D, Toyama N, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Kataoka K, Uchida-Fukuhara Y, et al. Association between Sleep Quality and Duration and Periodontal Disease among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17: 3034.
- Muniz FWMG, Pola NM, Silva CFE, Silva FGD, Casarin M. Are periodontal diseases associated with sleep duration or sleep quality? A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol. 2021; 129: 105184.
- Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS. Staging and grading of periodontitis: framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol. 2018; 89: 1475.
- Mollayeva T, Thurairajah P, Burton K, Mollayeva S, Shapiro CM, Colantonio A. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index as a screening tool for sleep dysfunction in clinical and non-clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016; 25: 52-73.
- Farrahi*Moghaddam J, Nakhaee N, Sheibani V, Garrusi B, Amirkafi A. Reliability and validity of the persian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-P). Sleep Breath. 2012; 16: 79-82.
- Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989; 28: 193-213.
- Alhassani AA, Al-Zahrani MS. Is inadequate sleep a potential risk factor for periodontitis? PLoS One. 2020; 15: e0234487.
- Romandini M, Gioco G, Perfetti G, Deli G, Staderini E, Laforì A. The association between periodontitis and sleep duration. J Clin Periodontol. 2017; 44: 490-501.
- Wiener RC. Relationship of routine inadequate sleep duration and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample. Sleep Disord. 2016; 2016: 9158195.
- Alqaderi H, Goodson JM, Agaku I. Association between sleep and severe periodontitis in a nationally representative adult US population. J Periodontol. 2020; 91: 767-774.
- Tawfig A, Alamoudi TA, Alqassab GA, Aljabbary RS, Aldosari MA, Alamoudi MA. Association between sleep quality and severity of periodontitis, Tobacco Regulatory Science. 2021; 7: 7592-7599.
- Al-Zahrani MS, Alhassani AA, Zawawi KH. Tooth loss as a potential risk factor for deficient sleep: an analysis of a nationally representative sample of adults in the USA. Sleep Breath. 2021; 25: 1101–1107.
- Azuma T, Irie K, Watanabe K, Deguchi F, Kojima T, Obora A. Association between chewing problems and sleep among Japanese adults. Int J Dent 2019; 2019: 8196410.
- Karagozoglu S, Bingöl N. Sleep quality and job satisfaction of Turkish nurses. Nursing outlook. 2008; 56: 298-307.
- Atadokht A. Sleep quality and its related factors among university students. J Health Care. 2015; 17: 9-18.
|
