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A Reexamination of Peto’s Paradox: Insights Gained from Human Adaptation to Varied Levels of Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation | ||
| Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 04 اردیبهشت 1403 اصل مقاله (652.09 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Research | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi Mortazavi1؛ Omid Zare2؛ Leyla Ghasemi2؛ Parmis Taghizadeh3؛ Parsa Faghani-Eskandarkolaei2؛ Maryam Arshadi2؛ Seyed Ali Reza Mortazavi4؛ Lembit Sihver* 5، 6، 7 | ||
| 1Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| 3School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| 4MVLS College, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom | ||
| 5Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, USA | ||
| 6Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada | ||
| 7Department of Radiation Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Atominstitut, Vienna, Austria | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Humans have generally evolved some adaptations to protect against UV and different levels of background ionizing radiation. Similarly, elephants and whales have evolved adaptations to protect against cancer, such as multiple copies of the tumor suppressor gene p53, due to their large size and long lifespan. The difference in cancer protection strategies between humans and elephants/whales depends on genetics, lifestyle, environmental exposures, and evolutionary pressures. In this paper, present how the differences in evolutionary adaptations between humans and elephants could explain why elephants have evolved a protective mechanism against cancer, whereas humans have not. Humans living in regions with high levels of background radiation, e.g. in Ramsar, Iran where exposure rates exceed those on the surface of Mars, seem to have developed some kind of protection against the ionizing radiation. However, humans in general have not developed cancer-fighting adaptations, so they instead rely on medical technologies and interventions. The difference in cancer protection strategies between humans and elephants/whales depends on genetics, lifestyle, environmental exposures, and evolutionary pressures. In this paper, we discuss how the differences in evolutionary adaptations between humans and elephants could explain why elephants have evolved a protective mechanism against cancer, whereas humans have not. Studying elephant adaptations may provide insights into new cancer prevention and treatment strategies for humans, but further research is required to fully understand the evolutionary disparities. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Carcinogenesis؛ Radiation؛ Biological Evolution؛ Radiobiology؛ Peto’s Paradox, Evolution | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3,626 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 58 |
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