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Torabizadeh, Mehdi, Modaresi Asfeh, Helia, Deris Zayeri, Zeinab, Dominique, Cerdan, Kazemi, Hashem, Saki, Najmaldin. (1402). Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 20(3), 247-261. doi: 10.22034/iji.2023.97585.2522
Mehdi Torabizadeh; Helia Modaresi Asfeh; Zeinab Deris Zayeri; Cerdan Dominique; Hashem Kazemi; Najmaldin Saki. "Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 20, 3, 1402, 247-261. doi: 10.22034/iji.2023.97585.2522
Torabizadeh, Mehdi, Modaresi Asfeh, Helia, Deris Zayeri, Zeinab, Dominique, Cerdan, Kazemi, Hashem, Saki, Najmaldin. (1402). 'Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 20(3), pp. 247-261. doi: 10.22034/iji.2023.97585.2522
Torabizadeh, Mehdi, Modaresi Asfeh, Helia, Deris Zayeri, Zeinab, Dominique, Cerdan, Kazemi, Hashem, Saki, Najmaldin. Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1402; 20(3): 247-261. doi: 10.22034/iji.2023.97585.2522

Implications of Complement Imbalance in COVID-19: A Molecular Mechanistic Discussion on the Importance of Complement Balance

Iranian Journal of Immunology
دوره 20، شماره 3، آذر 2023، صفحه 247-261    اصل مقاله (1.66 M)
نوع مقاله: Review Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22034/iji.2023.97585.2522
نویسندگان
Mehdi Torabizadeh1؛ Helia Modaresi Asfeh2؛ Zeinab Deris Zayeri* 1؛ Cerdan Dominique3؛ Hashem Kazemi4؛ Najmaldin Saki5
1Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
2Department of Microbiology, Sciences, and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran.
3Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, France.
4Department of Biology, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran.
5Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده
Two central questions in COVID-19 treatment which should be considered are: “How does the imbalance of the complement system affect the therapeutic approaches?” and “Do we consider complement inhibitors in therapeutic protocols?”. The complement system is a double-edged sword since it may either promote immune responses against COVID-19 or contribute to destructive inflammation in the host. Therefore, it is crucial to regulate this system with complement inhibitors. In this manuscript, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of complement and complement inhibitors in COVID-19 patients. We searched the terms “COVID-19”, “Complement”, “Complement inhibitor”, “SARS-CoV-2”, and all complement fragments and inhibitors from 2000 to 2022 in PubMed and google scholar and checked the pathways in “KEGG pathway database”. Complement is not well-appreciated in the treatment protocols despite its multiple roles in the disease, and most of the preventive anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches did not include a complement inhibitor in COVID-19 therapeutic protocols. In this review article, we discussed the most recent studies regarding complement components mediated interventions and the mechanism of these interventions in COVID-19 patients. Since the control of the complement system overactivation is associated with a better prognosis in the initial stages of COVID-19, heparin, anti-thrombin, C1-inhibitor, montelukast, and hydralazine can be effective in the initial stages of this viral infection. Recombinant complement activation (RCA) proteins are more effective in regulating complement compared to terminal pathway therapeutic approaches such as the C3a and C5a inhibitors.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Complement System Proteins؛ Complement Inactivating Agents؛ Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
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