LinkedIn

 آمار

تعداد نشریات20
تعداد شماره‌ها1,089
تعداد مقالات9,999
تعداد مشاهده مقاله26,616,392
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله7,322,844
Shohani, Sara, Sheikhahmadi, Seyed Mohammad, Shafei, Kaivan, Bahrami, Ruhollah. (1402). Infectious Diseases and their Consequences on the Population Changes of Kermanshah Province in the Qajar Era, 1789-1925. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 12(2), 113-132.
Sara Shohani; Seyed Mohammad Sheikhahmadi; Kaivan Shafei; Ruhollah Bahrami. "Infectious Diseases and their Consequences on the Population Changes of Kermanshah Province in the Qajar Era, 1789-1925". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 12, 2, 1402, 113-132.
Shohani, Sara, Sheikhahmadi, Seyed Mohammad, Shafei, Kaivan, Bahrami, Ruhollah. (1402). 'Infectious Diseases and their Consequences on the Population Changes of Kermanshah Province in the Qajar Era, 1789-1925', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 12(2), pp. 113-132.
Shohani, Sara, Sheikhahmadi, Seyed Mohammad, Shafei, Kaivan, Bahrami, Ruhollah. Infectious Diseases and their Consequences on the Population Changes of Kermanshah Province in the Qajar Era, 1789-1925. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1402; 12(2): 113-132.

Infectious Diseases and their Consequences on the Population Changes of Kermanshah Province in the Qajar Era, 1789-1925

Journal of Research on History of Medicine
دوره 12، شماره 2، مرداد 2023، صفحه 113-132    اصل مقاله (1.52 M)
نوع مقاله: Original Article
نویسندگان
Sara Shohani1؛ Seyed Mohammad Sheikhahmadi* 2؛ Kaivan Shafei2؛ Ruhollah Bahrami3
1Ph.D. student of History, Department of History, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
2Assistant Professor, Department of History, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
3Associate Professor, Department of History, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده
One of the causes of premature deaths in different parts of the world and Iran during the Qajar era was the spread of infectious diseases in the 19th century. Meanwhile, in general, Iran did not have favorable health conditions. Kermanshah, as one of the main highways in the west of the country, the gateway to Mesopotamia and the most important pilgrimage route of Shiite Iran, has been one of the busiest travel, commercial and pilgrimage routes, and hence, was exposed to the spread of various infectious disease The purpose of this research is to investigate the prevalence of infectious diseases in Kermanshah during the Qajar era and its effects on the population change and death. The research method is historical and descriptive-analytical; documentary methods have been used to collect the information. The results and achievements of the research showed that the outbreak of infectious diseases, especially cholera, plague, and typhoid, occurred many times in Kermanshah and was one of the important factors in the significant decrease in the population of this state. The results of this research have shown that the ignorance, illiteracy, and superstition, the low level of medical knowledge, the inappropriate and insecure roads, the poor performance of the king and the local rulers in making appropriate decisions to prevent the spread of such diseases, had a significant impact on the extent of the casualties and the population decline.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Communicable diseases؛ Cholera؛ Population decline؛ Qajar؛ Kermanshah؛ Iran؛ History of medicine
مراجع
  1. Afshar, E., 2003. Kermanshahs and ancient civilization. Tehran: Nagaristan Book.
  2. Akhtar Newspaper, 1637. No. 7, 18 February. Istanbul.
  3. Akhtar Newspaper, 1891. No. 22, 10 January. Istanbul.         
  4. Al-Dawood, S.A., 1992. Amir Kabir’s letters. Tehran: History of Iran.
  5. Atash, S., 2011. Burial to gravestones, competition between Iran and Ottoman in Iraq in the 19th century AD. Translated by N., Kamurai. Baharstan Quarterly, Iran Namah. 26 (1-2), 37-70.
  6. Avery, P., Humbly, , and Melville, Ch., 2019. The Cambridge History of Iran. Translated by T. Qadri. Volume 7. Tehran: Mehtab.
  7. Azimi, R., 2010. Contagious diseases and its effect on population decline in the Qajar period based on library documents. Payam Baharestan special medical history, 2(142-157), pp. 35-149.
  8. Biglari, H., 1993. History of Kermanshahs in the Qajar era with the perspective of social, political and economic history. With an introduction by Dr. Jalaluddin Kezazi. Kermanshah: Taq Bostan Publications.
  9. Bisotoon Newspaper, 1919. No. 12, 1 January. Kermanshah.
  10. Borrell, A.R.M., 2013. Cholera epidemic in Iran 1904: Some dimensions of Qajar society. Translated by F. Farzi and Z. Nazarizadeh. Khordnameh Magazine, 11, pp. 1-20.
  11. Dalmani, H.R., 1916. A travel book from Khorasan to Bakhtiari. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
  12. Dolat Elliyeh Iran Newspaper, 1851. No. 501. Tehran.
  13. Elgood, C.L., 1933. Medical history of Iran from ancient times to 1934. Translated by M. Javidan. Tehran: Iqbal Publications.
  14. Floor, W., 2019. Kermanshah City & Province. Translated by S. Shohani. America: Congress Publication.
  15. Floor, W., 2007. Iranian peples Health in the Qajar period. Translated by I. Nabi pour. n.p.: publications of Busher University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
  16. Flora, W., 1942. Studies in the medical history of Iran. Translated by Is. Nabipour, K. Vahdat and Ir. Nabipour. Bushehr: University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
  17. Fourieh, J., 2007. Three years in the court of Iran (Memoirs of Dr. Fourieh, the special physician of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar). Translated by A. Iqbal Ashtiani. Efforted by H. Shahidi. Tehran: Duniya Kitab.
  18. Habl Al-Matin Newspaper, 1928. No. 11, 22 January. Calcutta.
  19. Hasanbeigi, M., 1998. Old Tehran. Tehran: Mansouri.
  20. http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1452 (Accessed 20 Feb. 2017).
  21. Ittehadiyeh, M., Shams, A., and Ghafori, A., 2013. Contagious plague. Tehran: Iran history publishing.
  22. Ketabi, A., 2002. Famines in Iran. Tehran: Culture Research Office.
  23. Manuscript Box 12, Folder 36, Serial 21, 1910. [Manuscript] February 6. Held at: Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Documentation Center.
  24. Manuscript Box 22, Folder 121, Serial 36, 1910. [Manuscript] February 6. Held at: Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Documentation Center.
  25. Manuscript Box 36, Folder 12, Serial 10, 1910. [Manuscript] Held at: Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Documentation Center.
  26. Manuscript Box 38, Folder 45, Serial 19, 1907. [Manuscript] October 8. Held at: Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Documentation Center.
  27. Manuscript Box 45, Folder 19, Serial 38, 1907. [Manuscript] October 8. Held at: Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Documentation Center.
  28. Manuscript No. 138-000, 1910. [Manuscript]. October 2. Held at: Archive of the National Assembly National Council.
  29. Manuscript No. 295-005426, 1856. [Manuscript]. October 2. Held at: Archive of the National Documentation Center.
  30. Manuscript No. 295-005-5065, 1831. [Manuscript]. November 28. Held at: Archive of the National Documentation Center.
  31. Manuscript No. 295-007295, 1915. [Manuscript]. October 13. Held at: Archive of the National Documentation Center.
  32. Molai Tovani, A., and Gholampour, M., 2013. Bathing and bathing in the Iranian culture of the Qajar Era. (From Aghat to Constitutionalism). Studies in Cultural History and Journal of the Iranian Society, 6(21), pp. 121-148.
  33. Moriyah, J., 1976. The biography of Haji Babai Babai Isfahani. Translated by M.H. Isfahani. Tehran: Truth.
  34. Najmi, N., 1991. Taran Asr Naseri. Tehran: Attar.
  35. Nozari, E.A., 2014. Iran’s social history from the beginning to constitutionalism. Tehran: Khojasteh.
  36. Pollock, J.E., 1984. Iran its the land and its people. Translated by K. Jahandari. Tehran: Kharazmi.
  37. Roustaei, M., 2004. The History of Medicine and Medical Profession (From the Qajar Dynasty until the End of Reza Shah’s Reign). Based on the Documentation. Vol. 1. Tehran: The National Library and Archives of Iran.
  38. Sharifi, Sh., Zargarinegad, Gh., and Forozesh, S., 2016. Investigation of Shipping in Qajar Periods and its Impact on Trade, Based on Content of the newspaper “Kolkata Habl al-Matin”. Scientific Journal of History Research, 11(44), pp. 79-100.
  39. Smell, A., 1934. History of Iranian Economy. Translated by Y. Azand. 1st Edition. Tabriz: Gostareh.
  40. Soltani, M.A., 2003. Historical Geography: Detailed History of Kermanshah. With an Introduction by Abdul Hasan Nawai. Tehran: Saha Cultural Institute. pp. 343-549.
  41. Soraya Newspaper, 1896. No. 12-13, 27 October. Tehran.
  42. Tajbakhsh, A., 2004. History of Civilization and Culture of Iran in the Qajar Period. Shiraz: Navid.
  43. Zarei, M., and Kamali, H., 2017. Evaluation of economic-political-religious factors in the development of Kermanshah city structure in the Qajar period based on historical and archaeological evidence. Islamic History Studies, 32(103), pp. 103-134.
  44. Zia Al-Mahmoud (Mahmoud Mirza Qajar), 2020. The first dissertation on cholera and plague in the Qajar period. Edited by Sh. Kiani, Introduced by T. Atabaki. n.p.: Iran Academi.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 432
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 272


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب