The Arab occupation of the Iberian peninsula had an important influence on the scientific development of Europe. Medicine at that time had a great influence on the classical authors, although the Muslim doctors Rhazes and Avicenna began to stand out, and had a very prominent influence until the Renaissance (Compier, 2012, pp. 3-25).
The most important century of Spanish Arab Medicine is the 12th, in which the figures of Avenzoar, Averroes, and Maimonides appear, the latter being of Jewish origin (Martín-Araguz, et al, 2002, pp. 877-892). In previous centuries Ibn Habib, Abulcasis, Ibn Yulyul, Arid Ben Said El Kateb, and Abenguefit stood out (Tschanz, 2003, p. 9; Otero Tejero, et al, 2007, pp. 859-868). Without a doubt, and from the surgical point of view, we should center our interest on Abulcasis, as he was the first surgeon born in the Iberian peninsula to integrate the surgery into the doctrinal body of medicine, with the same category and level of knowledge.
Abulcasis made an impact on the history of surgery with his multilevel work. Abulcasis was the first Arab-Hispanic doctor from Al Andalus who wrote a treatise on surgery (Amr, 2007, pp. 220-221). He was based on his predecessors of the Greek and Roman school of medicine as well as the Arabic knowledge in pharmacology (Markatos, 2019, pp. 2199-2203), but also he was a great innovator himself; he succeeded in inventing surgical instruments used in practice until nowadays in their most basic principle. Twelfth-century Latin translations of medical works written in Arabic have had a significant influence on the development of modern medicine (Masic, et al, 2017, pp. 364-372). |
- Al-Ghazal, S.K., 2003. Al Zahrawi (Albucasis): a light in the dark middle ages in Europe. Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. JISHIM, 1, pp. 37-38.
- Al-Maqalatun Salasun (Thirtieth Treatise), n.d. Original manuscript of the Kitab al-Tasrif of Abulcasis. [Manuscript]. Rabat: Institute of Manuscripts of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Availabe from: https://en.unesco.org/mediabank/24932/ [Accessed 23 August 2022]
- Amr, S.S., Tbakhi, A., 2007. Abu Al Qasim Al Zahrawi (Albucasis): pioneer of modern surgery. Ann Saudi Med, 27(3), pp. 220-1.
- Asaad, M., Rajesh, A., Zazo, A., Banuelos, J., and Kaadan, A., 2019. Albulcasis a pioneer plastic surgeon. Ann Plast Surg, 83(6), pp. 611-617.
- Board, E., 1877-1934. Abulcasis blistering a patient in the hospital at Cordova. London, UK: Historical Medical Museum. Public Dominio Mark (PDM). Available from: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/hfvcxxpd [Accessed 23 August 2022]
- Briceño Iragorry, L., 2008. Medicina árabe. Abulcasis y el Tasrif. Caracas: Colección Razetti.
- Brufal, J., 2017. The Northeast Iberian Peninsula and its Muslim rulers (eighth–twelfth century). In : The Crown of Aragon. Leiden: Ed Brill.
- Compier, A.H., 2012. Rhazes in the renaissance of Andreas Vesalius. Med Hist, 56(1), pp. 3-25.
- De Divitiis, E., Cappabianca, P., and De Divitiis, O., 2004. The schola medica salernitana: the forerunner of the modern university medical schools. Neurosurg, 55(4), pp. 722-745.
- Dognés, E., 1892. La higiene de Albucasis: un manuescrito inédito de origen cordobés. Madrid: Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia (BRAH).
- Fernández Raigoso, Y.F., 2021. El cirujano de Al-Ándalus. Aproximación a la vida y obra de Abulcasis de la mano de Antonio Cavanillas de Blas. Journal of Medicina and Movies, 17(1), pp. 57-70.
- Gutiérrez Aroca, J.B., 2018. Desarrollo de la ciencia y la medicina en Al-Andalus. Arte, arqueología e historia, (25), pp. 133-148.
- Hamarneh, S. Kh., and Sonnedecker, G. A., 1963. A Pharmaceutical View of Abulcasis Al-Zahrāwī in Moorish Spain. Vol. 5. Leiden: Brill Archive.
- Markatos, K., Mavrogenis, A., Brilakis, E., et al, 2019. Abulcasis (936-1013): his work and contribution to orthopaedics. Int Orthop, 43(9), pp. 2199-2203.
- Martín-Araguz, A., Bustamante-Martinez, C., Fernandez-Armayor, V., and Moreno-Martinez, J.M., 2002. Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine. Rev Neurol, 34 (9), pp. 877-892.
- Masic, I., Skrbo, A., Naser, N., et al, 2017. Contribution of Arabic Medicine and Pharmacy to the Development of Health Care Protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina, The First Part. Med Arch, 71(5), pp. 364-372.
- Moreno Otero, R., 2013. Abulcasis, the father of modern surgery. Med Arch, 67 (2), p. 151.
- Moreno Resina, J.M., 2005. La cirugía de Abulcasis. Doctoral Thesis. University of Murcia, Spain.
- Noras, M.R., Hajzadeh, M., and Arianpoor, A., 2015. A short review on Abulcasis achievments in dentristy base on his book Al-Tasrif. Rev Hist Med, 4(1), pp. 3-8.
- Otero Tejero, I., Serrano Pascual, A., Chicharro Almarza, A., et al, 2007. La patología urológica en la obra de Abulcasis. Arch Esp Urol, 60(8), pp. 859-868.
- Peña, C., and Girón Irueste, F., 2001. Medicina versus cirugía: el tratamiento de las enfermedades de los ojos en las obras de Abulcasis y Avenzoar. Dynamis, 21, pp. 163-187.
- Pera Madrazo, C., 2003. Un encuentro con Albucasis y su obra a través del tiempo. Seminario médico, 55(2), pp. 97-108.
- Spink, M.S., and Lewis, G.L., 1973. Abulcasis: on surgery and instruments. A definitive edition of the Arabic text with English translation and commentary. London: The Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine.
- Tschanz, D.W., 2003. Arab Roots of European Medicine. Heart Views, 4 (2), p. 9.
- Van Hee, R., 2002. The influence of Arabic medicine on surgery in the low countries. Acta Chir Belg, 120(1), pp. 61-75.
|
