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Erfanian, Reza, Taherkhani, Safa, Abdullah, Hakima, Sohrabpour, Saeed, Emami, Hamed, Hoorang, Mehdi, Amirzargar, Behrooz. (1401). New Modification of Smell Identification Test for the Detection of Malingerers: A Pilot Experimental Study. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 47(3), 248-255. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2021.89049.1977
Reza Erfanian; Safa Taherkhani; Hakima Abdullah; Saeed Sohrabpour; Hamed Emami; Mehdi Hoorang; Behrooz Amirzargar. "New Modification of Smell Identification Test for the Detection of Malingerers: A Pilot Experimental Study". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 47, 3, 1401, 248-255. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2021.89049.1977
Erfanian, Reza, Taherkhani, Safa, Abdullah, Hakima, Sohrabpour, Saeed, Emami, Hamed, Hoorang, Mehdi, Amirzargar, Behrooz. (1401). 'New Modification of Smell Identification Test for the Detection of Malingerers: A Pilot Experimental Study', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 47(3), pp. 248-255. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2021.89049.1977
Erfanian, Reza, Taherkhani, Safa, Abdullah, Hakima, Sohrabpour, Saeed, Emami, Hamed, Hoorang, Mehdi, Amirzargar, Behrooz. New Modification of Smell Identification Test for the Detection of Malingerers: A Pilot Experimental Study. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1401; 47(3): 248-255. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2021.89049.1977

New Modification of Smell Identification Test for the Detection of Malingerers: A Pilot Experimental Study

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
مقاله 8، دوره 47، شماره 3، مرداد 2022، صفحه 248-255    اصل مقاله (631.4 K)
نوع مقاله: Original Article(s)
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30476/ijms.2021.89049.1977
نویسندگان
Reza Erfanian1؛ Safa Taherkhani2؛ Hakima Abdullah1؛ Saeed Sohrabpour1؛ Hamed Emami1؛ Mehdi Hoorang3؛ Behrooz Amirzargar* 1
1Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2Department of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده
Background: A major problem with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) is its poor sensitivity for malingering detection in a group of people familiar with the test mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the modification of UPSIT to detect anosmia malingering.
Methods: This was a pilot experimental study conducted in 2019 in Tehran. The participants were 60 healthy subjects classified into two groups of 30 people. The first group was requested to deliberately feign a negative result on the Iranian version of UPSIT, Iran Smell Identification Test (ISIT) (malingering group). The second group consisted of participants, who did not scratch the odorant part of ISIT during the tests (anosmia group). ISIT was modified in two steps. At each step, one incorrect option was deleted from the available choices. The number of each group’s answers, altered away from the correct choice, was then calculated and compared.
Results: The coached malingering group participants were able to feign anosmia in the original ISIT exam. In the modified ISIT, the number of answers changed from correct to wrong during the second stage (from three available choices to two choices) was significantly higher in the anosmia group (p <0.001). In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.92 (p <0.001). The cut-off of 4.5 for this test showed 93% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and 90% PPV and NPV.
Conclusion: The ISIT is not capable of detecting malingering in the coached participants, yet by deleting the choices step-by-step, the sensitivity and specificity of the test increased.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Smell؛ Malingering؛ Anosmia
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