LinkedIn

 آمار

تعداد نشریات20
تعداد شماره‌ها1,149
تعداد مقالات10,518
تعداد مشاهده مقاله45,417,725
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله11,295,845
Zahedi, Mohammad, Yousefi, Mohammad, Abounoori, Mahdi, Malekan, Mohammad, Tajik, Fatemeh, Heydari, Keyvan, Mortazavi, Parham, Ghahramani, Sulmaz, Ghazaeian, Monireh, Sheydaee, Fateme, Nasirzadeh, Amirreza, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza. (1400). The Interrelationship between Liver Function Test and the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 46(4), 237-255. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2021.87555.1793
Mohammad Zahedi; Mohammad Yousefi; Mahdi Abounoori; Mohammad Malekan; Fatemeh Tajik; Keyvan Heydari; Parham Mortazavi; Sulmaz Ghahramani; Monireh Ghazaeian; Fateme Sheydaee; Amirreza Nasirzadeh; Reza Alizadeh-Navaei. "The Interrelationship between Liver Function Test and the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 46, 4, 1400, 237-255. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2021.87555.1793
Zahedi, Mohammad, Yousefi, Mohammad, Abounoori, Mahdi, Malekan, Mohammad, Tajik, Fatemeh, Heydari, Keyvan, Mortazavi, Parham, Ghahramani, Sulmaz, Ghazaeian, Monireh, Sheydaee, Fateme, Nasirzadeh, Amirreza, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza. (1400). 'The Interrelationship between Liver Function Test and the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 46(4), pp. 237-255. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2021.87555.1793
Zahedi, Mohammad, Yousefi, Mohammad, Abounoori, Mahdi, Malekan, Mohammad, Tajik, Fatemeh, Heydari, Keyvan, Mortazavi, Parham, Ghahramani, Sulmaz, Ghazaeian, Monireh, Sheydaee, Fateme, Nasirzadeh, Amirreza, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza. The Interrelationship between Liver Function Test and the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1400; 46(4): 237-255. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2021.87555.1793

The Interrelationship between Liver Function Test and the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
مقاله 2، دوره 46، شماره 4، مهر 2021، صفحه 237-255    اصل مقاله (4.88 M)
نوع مقاله: Review Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30476/ijms.2021.87555.1793
نویسندگان
Mohammad Zahedi1؛ Mohammad Yousefi2؛ Mahdi Abounoori3؛ Mohammad Malekan3؛ Fatemeh Tajik4؛ Keyvan Heydari5؛ Parham Mortazavi6؛ Sulmaz Ghahramani7؛ Monireh Ghazaeian* 8؛ Fateme Sheydaee2؛ Amirreza Nasirzadeh9؛ Reza Alizadeh-Navaei5
1Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
3Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
4Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
5Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
6Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
7Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
8Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
9Student of Basic Sciences in Nursing, Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
چکیده
Background: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health challenge. Assessing the effect of COVID-19 on liver injury is of great importance. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to establish the characteristics of liver function tests in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A systematic search of publications from December 2019 up to April 2020 in Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline (via PubMed) databases was performed. Both cross-sectional and case series studies reporting an association between liver injury and COVID-19 infection were included. The data were analyzed using the STATA software (version 11.0) and the random-effects model for I2>50% was used to pool the results.
Results: In this meta-analysis, 42 articles comprising a total of 6,557 COVID-19 patients were studied. The prevalence of increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels was 30% and 21% in non-severe patients and 38% and 48% in severe patients, respectively. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection were 4.22, 4.96, and 4.13 times more likely to have elevated AST, ALT, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, respectively.
Conclusion: Elevation in liver function tests was higher in patients with severe than non-severe COVID-19 infection. Given the widespread use of drugs that increases the risk of hepatotoxicity, healthcare providers should be aware of changes in liver enzymes in COVID-19 patients. The inclusion of other studies from outside China could confirm the pattern of elevation in liver function tests in COVID-19 patients across the globe.
Preprint of this article is available on medRxiv, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.20.20108357v1
کلیدواژه‌ها
COVID-19؛ SARS-CoV-2؛ Liver function tests
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
مراجع
  1. Organization WH. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
  2. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. PubMed PMID: 31986264; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7159299.
  3. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020;87:281-6. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6. PubMed PMID: 32166607; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7090728.
  4. Cai Q, Huang D, Ou P, Yu H, Zhu Z, Xia Z, et al. 2019-nCoV Pneumonia in a Normal Work Infectious Diseases Hospital Besides Hubei Province, China. SSRN. 2020. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3542163.
  5. Zhao Z, Xie J, Yin M, Yang Y, He H, Jin T, et al. Clinical and laboratory profiles of 75 hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 in Hefei, China. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.01.20029785.
  6. Heydari K, Rismantab S, Shamshirian A, Lotfi P, Shadmehri N, Houshmand P, et al. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20044057.
  7. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, et al. Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:762-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa248. PubMed PMID: 32161940; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7108125.
  8. Fu L, Fei J, Xu S, Xiang H-X, Xiang Y, Tan Z-X, et al. Acute liver injury and its association with death risk of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based prospective case-cohort study. Medrxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.02.20050997.
  9. Xu L, Liu J, Lu M, Yang D, Zheng X. Liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections. Liver Int. 2020;40:998-1004. doi: 10.1111/liv.14435. PubMed PMID: 32170806; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7228361.
  10. Bangash MN, Patel J, Parekh D. COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5:529-30. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30084-4. PubMed PMID: 32203680; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7270582.
  11. Trefts E, Gannon M, Wasserman DH. The liver. Curr Biol. 2017;27:R1147-R51. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.019. PubMed PMID: 29112863; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5897118.
  12. Asrani SK, Devarbhavi H, Eaton J, Kamath PS. Burden of liver diseases in the world. J Hepatol. 2019;70:151-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.014. PubMed PMID: 30266282.
  13. Mokdad AA, Lopez AD, Shahraz S, Lozano R, Mokdad AH, Stanaway J, et al. Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis. BMC Med. 2014;12:145. doi: 10.1186/s12916-014-0145-y. PubMed PMID: 25242656; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4169640.
  14. Parohan M, Yaghoubi S, Seraji A. Liver injury is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies. Hepatol Res. 2020;50:924-35. doi: 10.1111/hepr.13510. PubMed PMID: 32386449; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7273097.
  15. Ghahramani S, Tabrizi R, Lankarani KB, Kashani SMA, Rezaei S, Zeidi N, et al. Laboratory features of severe vs. non-severe COVID-19 patients in Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Med Res. 2020;25:30. doi: 10.1186/s40001-020-00432-3. PubMed PMID: 32746929; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7396942.
  16. Omrani-Nava V, Maleki I, Ahmadi A, Moosazadeh M, Hedayatizadeh-Omran A, Roozbeh F, et al. Evaluation of hepatic enzymes changes and association with prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Hepatitis Monthly. 2020;20. doi: 10.5812/hepatmon.103179.
  17. Feng Y, Ling Y, Bai T, Xie Y, Huang J, Li J, et al. COVID-19 with Different Severities: A Multicenter Study of Clinical Features. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201:1380-8. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202002-0445OC. PubMed PMID: 32275452; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7258639.
  18. Fu S, Fu X, Song Y, Li M, Pan P-h, Tang T, et al. Virologic and clinical characteristics for prognosis of severe COVID-19: a retrospective observational study in Wuhan, China. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.03.20051763.
  19. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4:1. doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-4-1. PubMed PMID: 25554246; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4320440.
  20. Health NIo. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines. NIH: Bethesda; 2020.
  21. Wells G, Shea B, O’Connell D, Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, et al. Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale cohort studies. Ottawa: University of Ottawa; 2014.
  22. Health NIo. Quality Assessment of Case-Control Studies. NIH: Bethesda; 2020.
  23. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. PubMed PMID: 32109013; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7092819.
  24. Fu H, Xu H, Zhang N, Xu H, Li Z, Chen H, et al. Association between Clinical, Laboratory and CT Characteristics and RT-PCR Results in the Follow-up of COVID-19 patients. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.19.20038315.
  25. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:1054-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3. PubMed PMID: 32171076; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7270627.
  26. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, et al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 2020;395:809-15. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30360-3. PubMed PMID: 32151335; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7159281.
  27. Chen X, Zheng F, Qing Y, Ding S, Yang D, Lei C, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of 291 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in areas adjacent to Hubei, China: a double-center observational study. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.03.20030353.
  28. Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, Yan W, Yang D, Chen G, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;368:m1091. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1091. PubMed PMID: 32217556; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7190011.
  29. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395:507-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7. PubMed PMID: 32007143; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7135076.
  30. Ai J, Chen J, Wang Y, Liu X, Fan W, Qu G, et al. The cross-sectional study of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients in Xiangyang, Hubei province. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.02.19.20025023.
  31. Xu S, Fu L, Fei J, Xiang H-X, Xiang Y, Tan Z-X, et al. Acute kidney injury at early stage as a negative prognostic indicator of patients with COVID-19: a hospital-based retrospective analysis. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042408.
  32. Zhang F, Weng D, Su Y, Yin C, Shen L, Zhang Y, et al. Therapeutic effect of subcutaneous injection of low dose recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Respir Res. 2020;21:1. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1261-1. PubMed PMID: 31898493; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6941258.
  33. Zhao W, Yu S, Zha X, Wang N, Pang Q, Li T, et al. Clinical characteristics and durations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Beijing: a retrospective cohort study. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.13.20035436.
  34. Tian S, Chang Z, Wang Y, Wu M, Zhang W, Zhou G, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Reasons for Differences in Duration From Symptom Onset to Release From Quarantine Among Patients With COVID-19 in Liaocheng, China. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020;7:210. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00210. PubMed PMID: 32574322; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7235406.
  35. Wang L, He W, Yu X, Hu D, Bao M, Liu H, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in elderly patients: Characteristics and prognostic factors based on 4-week follow-up. J Infect. 2020;80:639-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.019. PubMed PMID: 32240670; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7118526.
  36. Wang W, Liu X, Wu S, Chen S, Li Y, Nong L, et al. Definition and Risks of Cytokine Release Syndrome in 11 Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients With Pneumonia: Analysis of Disease Characteristics. J Infect Dis. 2020;222:1444-51. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa387. PubMed PMID: 32601708; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7337810.
  37. Huang Y, Zhou H, Yang R, Xu Y, Feng X, Gong P. Clinical characteristics of 36 non-survivors with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.02.27.20029009.
  38. Zhang B, Zhou X, Qiu Y, Song Y, Feng F, Feng J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 82 cases of death from COVID-19. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0235458. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235458. PubMed PMID: 32645044; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7347130.
  39. Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, Yuan YD, Yang YB, Yan YQ, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy. 2020;75:1730-41. doi: 10.1111/all.14238. PubMed PMID: 32077115.
  40. Zhang L, Zhu F, Xie L, Wang C, Wang J, Chen R, et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. Ann Oncol. 2020;31:894-901. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.03.296. PubMed PMID: 32224151; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7270947.
  41. Zhao D, Yao F, Wang L, Zheng L, Gao Y, Ye J, et al. A Comparative Study on the Clinical Features of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia With Other Pneumonias. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:756-61. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa247. PubMed PMID: 32161968; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7108162.
  42. Tang X, Du RH, Wang R, Cao TZ, Guan LL, Yang CQ, et al. Comparison of Hospitalized Patients With ARDS Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1. Chest. 2020;158:195-205. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.032. PubMed PMID: 32224074; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7151343.
  43. Tang A, Xu W, Chen P, Li G, Liu Y, Liu L. A retrospective study of the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infection in 26 children. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.08.20029710.
  44. Liao J, Fan S, Chen J, Wu J, Xu S, Guo Y, et al. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Adolescents and Young Adults. Innovation (N Y). 2020;1:100001. doi: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.04.001. PubMed PMID: 33554183; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7237935.
  45. Qian GQ, Yang NB, Ding F, Ma AHY, Wang ZY, Shen YF, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 91 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China: a retrospective, multi-centre case series. QJM. 2020;113:474-81. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa089. PubMed PMID: 32181807; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7184349.
  46. Qiu C, Deng Z, Xiao Q, Shu Y, Deng Y, Wang H, et al. Transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in 104 outside-Wuhan patients, China. J Med Virol. 2020;92:2027-35. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25975. PubMed PMID: 32369217; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7267432. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.04.20026005.
  47. Shi Q, Zhao K-L, Yu J, Feng J-R, Zhao K-P, Zhang X-Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of 101 non-surviving hospitalized patients with COVID-19—A single center, retrospective study. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3550014.
  48. Wan S, Xiang Y, Fang W, Zheng Y, Li B, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features and treatment of COVID-19 patients in northeast Chongqing. J Med Virol. 2020;92:797-806. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25783. PubMed PMID: 32198776; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7228368.
  49. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:420-2. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X. PubMed PMID: 32085846; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7164771.
  50. Wu J, Liu J, Zhao X, Liu C, Wang W, Wang D, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Imported Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Jiangsu Province: A Multicenter Descriptive Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:706-12. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa199. PubMed PMID: 32109279; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7108195.
  51. Xie H, Zhao J, Lian N, Lin S, Xie Q, Zhuo H. Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study. Liver Int. 2020;40:1321-6. doi: 10.1111/liv.14449. PubMed PMID: 32239591; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7228333.
  52. Xu Y, Xu Z, Liu X, Cai L, Zheng H, Huang Y, et al. Clinical findings in critical ill patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 in Guangdong Province, China: a multi-center, retrospective, observational study. MedRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.03.20030668.
  53. Zhou F, Yu X, Tong X, Zhang R. Clinical features and outcomes of 197 adult discharged patients with COIVD-19 in Yichang, Hubei. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.03.26.20041426.
  54. Cai Q, Huang D, Yu H, Zhu Z, Xia Z, Su Y, et al. COVID-19: Abnormal liver function tests. J Hepatol. 2020;73:566-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.04.006. PubMed PMID: 32298767; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7194951.
  55. Feng Z, Li J, Yao S, Yu Q, Zhou W, Mao X, et al. The use of adjuvant therapy in preventing progression to severe pneumonia in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a multicenter data analysis. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.08.20057539.
  56. Ji D, Zhang D, Xu J, Chen Z, Yang T, Zhao P, et al. Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: The CALL Score. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:1393-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa414. PubMed PMID: 32271369; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7184473.
  57. Han YN, Feng ZW, Sun LN, Ren XX, Wang H, Xue YM, et al. A comparative-descriptive analysis of clinical characteristics in 2019-coronavirus-infected children and adults. J Med Virol. 2020;92:1596-602. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25835. PubMed PMID: 32249943.
  58. Jiang X, Tao J, Wu H, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhou M, et al. Clinical features and management of severe COVID-19: A retrospective study in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. medRxiv. 2020. doi; 10.1101/2020.04.10.20060335.
  59. Yang F, Shi S, Zhu J, Shi J, Dai K, Chen X. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020;92:2067-73. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25972. PubMed PMID: 32369209.
  60. Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004;203:631-7. doi: 10.1002/path.1570. PubMed PMID: 15141377; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7167720.
  61. Grace JA, Herath CB, Mak KY, Burrell LM, Angus PW. Update on new aspects of the renin-angiotensin system in liver disease: clinical implications and new therapeutic options. Clin Sci (Lond). 2012;123:225-39. doi: 10.1042/CS20120030. PubMed PMID: 22548407.
  62. Zhang Y, Zheng L, Liu L, Zhao M, Xiao J, Zhao Q. Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China. Liver Int. 2020;40:2095-103. doi: 10.1111/liv.14455. PubMed PMID: 32239796.
  63. Cai Q, Huang D, Yu H, Zhu Z, Xia Z, Su Y, et al. Characteristics of Liver Tests in COVID-19 Patients. Journal of hepatology. 2020.
  64. Gong J, Ou J, Qiu X, Jie Y, Chen Y, Yuan L, et al. A Tool for Early Prediction of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Multicenter Study Using the Risk Nomogram in Wuhan and Guangdong, China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:833-40. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa443. PubMed PMID: 32296824; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7184338.
  65. Wu MY, Yao L, Wang Y, Zhu XY, Wang XF, Tang PJ, et al. Clinical evaluation of potential usefulness of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Respir Res. 2020;21:171. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01427-8. PubMed PMID: 32631317; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7336103.
  66. Jiang F, Yang J, Zhang Y, Dong M, Wang S, Zhang Q, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin 1-7: novel therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2014;11:413-26. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2014.59. PubMed PMID: 24776703; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7097196.
  67. Ramirez T, Strigun A, Verlohner A, Huener HA, Peter E, Herold M, et al. Prediction of liver toxicity and mode of action using metabolomics in vitro in HepG2 cells. Arch Toxicol. 2018;92:893-906. doi: 10.1007/s00204-017-2079-6. PubMed PMID: 28965233; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5818600.
  68. Meraviglia P, Schiavini M, Castagna A, Vigano P, Bini T, Landonio S, et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir treatment in HIV antiretroviral-experienced patients: evaluation of risk factors for liver enzyme elevation. HIV Med. 2004;5:334-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00232.x. PubMed PMID: 15369508.
  69. Liu B, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Shi H, Zeng F, Chen Z. Successful treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in a liver transplant recipient. Am J Transplant. 2020;20:1891-5. doi: 10.1111/ajt.15901. PubMed PMID: 32243673.
  70. Gille-Johnson P, Hansson KE, Gardlund B. Clinical and laboratory variables identifying bacterial infection and bacteraemia in the emergency department. Scand J Infect Dis. 2012;44:745-52. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2012.689846. PubMed PMID: 22803656.
  71. Cals JW, Schot MJ, de Jong SA, Dinant GJ, Hopstaken RM. Point-of-care C-reactive protein testing and antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Fam Med. 2010;8:124-33. doi: 10.1370/afm.1090. PubMed PMID: 20212299; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2834719.
  72. Khadijah K, Ferica K, Katu S, Halim R, Mubin A, editors. Analysis of the association opportunistic infections with c-reactive protein focus toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus, rubella, and hepatitis in human immunodeficiency virus. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science; 2018. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/125/1/012005.
  73. Seymour CW, Kennedy JN, Wang S, Chang CH, Elliott CF, Xu Z, et al. Derivation, Validation, and Potential Treatment Implications of Novel Clinical Phenotypes for Sepsis. JAMA. 2019;321:2003-17. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.5791. PubMed PMID: 31104070; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6537818.
  74. Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls; 2021.
  75. Zhang G, Hu C, Luo L, Fang F, Chen Y, Li J, et al. Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 221 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. J Clin Virol. 2020;127:104364. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104364. PubMed PMID: 32311650; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7194884.
  76. Lippi G, Simundic AM, Plebani M. Potential preanalytical and analytical vulnerabilities in the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58:1070-6. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0285. PubMed PMID: 32172228.
  77. Marietta M, Ageno W, Artoni A, De Candia E, Gresele P, Marchetti M, et al. COVID-19 and haemostasis: a position paper from Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET). Blood Transfus. 2020;18:167-9. doi: 10.2450/2020.0083-20. PubMed PMID: 32281926; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7250682.
  78. Johnson ED, Schell JC, Rodgers GM. The D-dimer assay. Am J Hematol. 2019;94:833-9. doi: 10.1002/ajh.25482. PubMed PMID: 30945756.
  79. Gram J, Duscha H, Zurborn KH, Bruhn HD. Increased levels of fibrinolysis reaction products (D-dimer) in patients with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1991;26:1173-8. doi: 10.3109/00365529108998610. PubMed PMID: 1754853.
  80. Li Y, Qi X, Li H, Dai J, Deng H, Li J, et al. D-dimer level for predicting the in-hospital mortality in liver cirrhosis: A retrospective study. Exp Ther Med. 2017;13:285-9. doi: 10.3892/etm.2016.3930. PubMed PMID: 28123503; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5245161.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 4,224
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 3,517


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب