The Prediction of Hospital Stress Based on Self-Actualization and Life Orientations (Optimism and Pessimism) in Female Nurses

1. Mondal J, Shrestha S, Bhaila A. School teachers: job stress and job satisfaction, Kaski, Nepal. Int J Occup Saf Heal. 2011;1(1): 27-33. doi: 10.3126/ijosh.v1i1.5226. ## 2. McEwen BS, Stellar E. Stress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to disease. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(18):2093-101. PubMed PMID: 8379800. ## 3. Segerstrom SC, Miller GE. Psychological stress and the human immune system: a meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychol Bull. 2004;130(4):601-30. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601. PubMed PMID: 15250815; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1361287. ## 4. Houghton JD, Wu J, Godwin JL, Neck CP, Manz CC. Effective Stress Management: A Model of Emotional Intelligence, Self-Leadership, and Student Stress Coping. Journal of Management Education. 2012;36(2):220-38. doi: 10.1177/1052562911430205. ## 5. Baezzat F, Mirmostafaee M, Akbari A, Abbasi-Asl R. Causal Model for Depression Based on Psychological Capital by Mediating of Hospital Stress and Anxiety in Woman Nurses. Women Health Bull. 2017;4(4):e13241. doi: 10.5812/whb.13241. ## 6. Wolniak R, Szromek AR. The Analysis of Stress and Negative Effects Connected with Scientific Work among Polish Researchers. Sustainability. 2020;12(12):1-21. doi: 10.3390/su13042162. ## 7. Nahar L, Hossain A, Rahman A, Bairagi A. The Relationship of Job Satisfaction, Job Stress, Mental Health of Government and Non-Government Employees of Bangladesh. Psychology. 2013;4:520-5. doi: 10.4236/psych.2013.46074. ## 8. Shen HC, Cheng Y, Tsai PJ, Lee SS, Guo YL. Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. J Occup Health. 2005;47(3):218-25. doi: 10.1539/joh.47.218. PubMed PMID: 15953843. ## 9. Carver CS, Scheier MF. Dispositional optimism. Trends Cogn Sci. 2014;18(6):293-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.003. PubMed PMID: 24630971; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4061570. ## 10. Scheier MF, Carver CS, Bridges MW. Optimism, pessimism, and psychological well-being. In Chang EC, editor: Optimism and pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice. American Psychological Association; 2001. p. 189-216. doi: 10.1037/10385-009. ## 11. Pérez CL, Salamanca MV, Castañeda IA, Soto PB, Vanegas IJ. What makes us optimistic?: Psychosocial factors as predictors of dispositional optimism in young people. Terapia psicológica. 2014;32(2):153-64. doi: 10.4067/S0718-48082014000200008. ## 12. Hashemi S, Akbari A. Explanation of mediating role of life orientation in relationship between attachment styles dimensions and happiness. Journal of Psychology. 2017;21(2):167-83. ## 13. Ford GG, Procidano ME. The relationship of self-actualization to social support, life stress, and adjustment. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal. 1990;18(1):41-51. doi: 10.2224/sbp.1990.18.1.41. ## 14. Heylighen F. A cognitive-systemic reconstruction of Maslow’s theory of self-actualization. Behavioral Science. 1992;3(1):39-57. doi: 10.1002/bs.3830370105. ## 15. Ewen RB. An introduction to theories of personality. 6th ed. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers; 2003. ## 16. D’Souza JF, Adams CK, Fuss B. A Pilot Study of Self-Actualization Activity Measurement. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology. 2015;41(3):28-33. ## 17. Mills PJ, Ziegler MJ, Patterson T, Dimsdale JE, Hauger R, Irwin M, et al. Plasma catecholamine and lymphocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptor alterations in elderly Alzheimer caregivers under stress. Psychosom Med. 1997;59(3):251-6. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199705000-00008. PubMed PMID: 9178336. ## 18. Abbasi-Asl R, Naderi H, Akbari A. Predicting female students’ social anxiety based on their personality traits. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2016;18(6):343-9. doi: 10.22038/jfmh.2016.7808. ## 19. Chang EC, D’Zurilla TJ, Maydeu-Olivares A. Assessing the dimensionality of optimism and pessimism using a multimeasure approach. Cogn Ther Res. 1994;18:143-60. doi: 10.1007/BF02357221. ## 20. Rezaei A. Investigating factorial structure, reliability and validity of the extended life orientation test-persian version (EIOT-P) in the university students population. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences. 2014;12(1): 133-43. Persian. ## 21. Moein M, Adib Hajbaghery M. Comparison of occupational stress among female nurses and female members of the medical Group in chosen training hospitals in Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2015;3(2):1-10. Persian. ## 22. Ismail Khani F, Najarian B, Mehrabizadeh Honarmand M. Construction and validation of a scale for the measurement of self-actualization. Journal of Humanities. 2001;11(39):1-20. Persian. ## 23. Lee WL, Tsai SH, Tsai CW, Lee CY. A study on work stress, stress coping strategies and health promoting lifestyle among district hospital nurses in Taiwan. J Occup Health. 2011;53(5):377-83. doi: 10.1539/joh.11-0054-fs. PubMed PMID: 21778658. ## 24. Britton AR, Sliter MT, Jex SM. Is the glass really half-full? The reverse-buffering effect of optimism on undermining behavior. Personality and Individual Differences. 2012;52(6):712-7. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.038. ## 25. Perera H, McIlveen P. The role of optimism and engagement coping in college adaptation: A career construction model. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2014;84(3):395-404. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2014.03.002. ## 26. Akbari A, Khormaiee F. The Prediction of Mediating Role of Resilience between Psychological Well-Being and Emotional Intelligence in Students. Int. J. School. Health. 2015;2(3):1-5. doi: 10.17795/intjsh-26238. ##