- Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kruger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020;181:271-80 e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052. PubMed PMID: 32142651; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7102627.
- Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H. Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 2004;203:631-7. doi: 10.1002/path.1570. PubMed PMID: 15141377; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7167720.
- Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel AS, et al. Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395:1417-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5.
- Ciceri F, Beretta L, Scandroglio AM, Colombo S, Landoni G, Ruggeri A, et al. Microvascular COVID-19 lung vessels obstructive thromboinflammatory syndrome (MicroCLOTS): an atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome working hypothesis. Crit Care Resusc. 2020;22:95-7. PubMed PMID: 32294809.
- Su H, Yang M, Wan C, Yi LX, Tang F, Zhu HY, et al. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int. 2020;98:219-27. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003. PubMed PMID: 32327202; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7194105.
- Wichmann D, Sperhake JP, Lutgehetmann M, Steurer S, Edler C, Heinemann A, et al. Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173:268-77. doi: 10.7326/M20-2003. PubMed PMID: 32374815; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7240772.
- Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ. Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55:105954. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105954. PubMed PMID: 32234467; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7118634.
- Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang Q, Li T, Liu Z, et al. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China. Clin Immunol. 2020;214:108393. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108393. PubMed PMID: 32222466; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7102614.
- Escher R, Breakey N, Lammle B. Severe COVID-19 infection associated with endothelial activation. Thromb Res. 2020;190:62. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.014. PubMed PMID: 32305740; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7156948.
- Shirazi S, Mami S, Mohtadi N, Ghaysouri A, Tavan H, Nazari A, et al. Sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 patients, a report of three cases. Future Cardiol. 2020. doi: 10.2217/fca-2020-0082. PubMed PMID: 32615807; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7337161.
- Llitjos JF, Leclerc M, Chochois C, Monsallier JM, Ramakers M, Auvray M, et al. High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:1743-6. doi: 10.1111/jth.14869. PubMed PMID: 32320517; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7264774.
- Tavazzi G, Civardi L, Caneva L, Mongodi S, Mojoli F. Thrombotic events in SARS-CoV-2 patients: an urgent call for ultrasound screening. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46:1121-3. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06040-3. PubMed PMID: 32322918; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7175449.
- Poissy J, Goutay J, Caplan M, Parmentier E, Duburcq T, Lassalle F, et al. Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With COVID-19: Awareness of an Increased Prevalence. Circulation. 2020;142:184-6. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047430. PubMed PMID: 32330083.
- Klok FA, Kruip M, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers D, Kant KM, et al. Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: An updated analysis. Thromb Res. 2020;191:148-50. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.041. PubMed PMID: 32381264; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7192101.
- Martinelli I, Ferrazzi E, Ciavarella A, Erra R, Iurlaro E, Ossola M, et al. Pulmonary embolism in a young pregnant woman with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;191:36-7. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.022. PubMed PMID: 32371163; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7169886.
- Giacomelli E, Dorigo W, Fargion A, Calugi G, Cianchi G, Pratesi C. Acute Thrombosis of an Aortic Prosthetic Graft in a Patient with Severe COVID-19-Related Pneumonia. Ann Vasc Surg. 2020;66:8-10. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.04.040. PubMed PMID: 32360432; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7188652.
- Baldacini M, Pop R, Sattler L, Mauvieux L, Bilger K, Gantzer J, et al. Concomitant haemorrhagic syndrome and recurrent extensive arterial thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 and acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2020;189:1054-6. doi: 10.1111/bjh.16768. PubMed PMID: 32369614; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7267249.
- Le Berre A, Marteau V, Emmerich J, Zins M. Concomitant acute aortic thrombosis and pulmonary embolism complicating COVID-19 pneumonia. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2020;101:321-2. doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.04.003. PubMed PMID: 32334995; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7161476.
- Ullah W, Saeed R, Sarwar U, Patel R, Fischman DL. COVID-19 Complicated by Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Right-Sided Heart Failure. JACC Case Rep. 2020;2:1379-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.008. PubMed PMID: 32313884; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7164919.
- de Barry O, Mekki A, Diffre C, Seror M, El Hajjam M, Carlier RY. Arterial and venous abdominal thrombosis in a 79-year-old woman with COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Case Rep. 2020;15:1054-7. doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.04.055. PubMed PMID: 32351657; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7188660.
- Oxley TJ, Mocco J, Majidi S, Kellner CP, Shoirah H, Singh IP, et al. Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:e60. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2009787. PubMed PMID: 32343504; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7207073.
- Klok FA, Kruip M, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers D, Kant KM, et al. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020;191:145-7. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013. PubMed PMID: 32291094; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7146714.
- Lodigiani C, Iapichino G, Carenzo L, Cecconi M, Ferrazzi P, Sebastian T, et al. Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy. Thromb Res. 2020;191:9-14. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.024. PubMed PMID: 32353746; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7177070.
- Thomas W, Varley J, Johnston A, Symington E, Robinson M, Sheares K, et al. Thrombotic complications of patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Thromb Res. 2020;191:76-7. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.028. PubMed PMID: 32402996; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7182517
- Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:844-7. doi: 10.1111/jth.14768. PubMed PMID: 32073213; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7166509.
- Wang W, Sun Q, Bao Y, Liang M, Meng Q, Chen H, et al. Analysis of Risk Factors for the Thromboembolic Events from 88 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Report. 2020. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3559633.
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395:497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. PubMed PMID: 31986264; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7159299.
- Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77:683-90. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127. PubMed PMID: 32275288; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7149362.
- Li Y, Wang M, Zhou Y. Acute Cerebrovascular Disease Following COVID-19: A Single center, Retrospective, Observational Study. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2020. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3550025. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3550025.
- Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, Cai Y, Liu T, Yang F, et al. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5:802-10. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950. PubMed PMID: 32211816; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7097841.
- Guo T, Fan Y, Chen M, Wu X, Zhang L, He T, et al. Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5:811-8. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017. PubMed PMID: 32219356; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7101506.
- Qian SZ, Pan JY. COVID-19 With Limb Ischemic Necrosis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020;34:2846-7. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.03.063. PubMed PMID: 32359711; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7195301.
- Bellosta R, Luzzani L, Natalini G, Pegorer MA, Attisani L, Cossu LG, et al. Acute limb ischemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. J Vasc Surg. 2020;72:1864-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.483. PubMed PMID: 32360679; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7188654.
- Boddi M, Peris A. Deep Vein Thrombosis in Intensive Care. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;906:167-81. doi: 10.1007/5584_2016_114. PubMed PMID: 27628009.
- Kaplan D, Casper TC, Elliott CG, Men S, Pendleton RC, Kraiss LW, et al. VTE Incidence and Risk Factors in Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Chest. 2015;148:1224-30. doi: 10.1378/chest.15-0287. PubMed PMID: 26111103; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4631038.
- Ejaz A, Ahmed MM, Tasleem A, Rafay Khan Niazi M, Ahsraf MF, Ahmad I, et al. Thromboprophylaxis in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2018;10:e3341. doi: 10.7759/cureus.3341. PubMed PMID: 30473974; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6248708.
- Castelli R, Gidaro A. Abnormal Hemostatic Parameters and Risk of Thromboembolism Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection. J Hematol. 2020;9:1-4. doi: 10.14740/jh636. PubMed PMID: 32362977; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7188381.
- Marone EM, Rinaldi LF. Upsurge of deep venous thrombosis in patients affected by COVID-19: Preliminary data and possible explanations. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020;8:694-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.04.004. PubMed PMID: 32305586; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7162769.
- Timsit JF, Farkas JC, Boyer JM, Martin JB, Misset B, Renaud B, et al. Central vein catheter-related thrombosis in intensive care patients: incidence, risks factors, and relationship with catheter-related sepsis. Chest. 1998;114:207-13. doi: 10.1378/chest.114.1.207. PubMed PMID: 9674471.
- Minet C, Potton L, Bonadona A, Hamidfar-Roy R, Somohano CA, Lugosi M, et al. Venous thromboembolism in the ICU: main characteristics, diagnosis and thromboprophylaxis. Crit Care. 2015;19:287. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-1003-9. PubMed PMID: 26283414; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4539929.
- Pavoni V, Gianesello L, Pazzi M, Stera C, Meconi T, Frigieri FC. Evaluation of coagulation function by rotation thromboelastometry in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 2020:1. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-24620/v1.
- Cui S, Chen S, Li X, Liu S, Wang F. Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:1421-4. doi: 10.1111/jth.14830. PubMed PMID: 32271988; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7262324.
- Marietta M, Ageno W, Artoni A, De Candia E, Gresele P, Marchetti M, et al. COVID-19 and haemostasis: a position paper from Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET). Blood Transfus. 2020;18:167-9. doi: 10.2450/2020.0083-20. PubMed PMID: 32281926; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7250682.
- Zhang T, Sun LX, Feng RE. Comparison of clinical and pathological features between severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2020;43:496-502. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200311-00312. PubMed PMID: 32241072.
- Magro C, Mulvey JJ, Berlin D, Nuovo G, Salvatore S, Harp J, et al. Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases. Transl Res. 2020;220:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.04.007. PubMed PMID: 32299776; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7158248.
- Tamura DY, Moore EE, Partrick DA, Johnson JL, Offner PJ, Silliman CC. Acute hypoxemia in humans enhances the neutrophil inflammatory response. Shock. 2002;17:269-73. doi: 10.1097/00024382-200204000-00005. PubMed PMID: 11954825.
- Henry BM, Vikse J, Benoit S, Favaloro EJ, Lippi G. Hyperinflammation and derangement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19: A novel hypothesis for clinically suspected hypercoagulopathy and microvascular immunothrombosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2020;507:167-73. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.027. PubMed PMID: 32348783; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7195008.
- Esmon CT. Crosstalk between inflammation and thrombosis. Maturitas. 2008;61:122-31. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.11.008. PubMed PMID: 19437587.
- Esmon CT. Inflammation and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1:1343-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00261.x. PubMed PMID: 12871267.
- Aksu K, Donmez A, Keser G. Inflammation-induced thrombosis: mechanisms, disease associations and management. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18:1478-93. doi: 10.2174/138161212799504731. PubMed PMID: 22364132.
- Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang F, Wang Q, Li T, Liu Z, et al. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Perspectives of clinical immunologists from China. Clin Immunol. 2020;214:108393. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108393. PubMed PMID: 32222466; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7102614.
- Xu X, Han M, Li T, Sun W, Wang D, Fu B, et al. Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117:10970-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005615117. PubMed PMID: 32350134; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7245089.
- Sciascia S, Apra F, Baffa A, Baldovino S, Boaro D, Boero R, et al. Pilot prospective open, single-arm multicentre study on off-label use of tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020;38:529-32. PubMed PMID: 32359035.
- Campochiaro C, Della-Torre E, Cavalli G, De Luca G, Ripa M, Boffini N, et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Eur J Intern Med. 2020;76:43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.021. PubMed PMID: 32482597; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7242960.
- Group RC, Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, Mafham M, Bell JL, et al. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med. 2020. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021436. PubMed PMID: 32678530; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7383595.
- Panigada M, Bottino N, Tagliabue P, Grasselli G, Novembrino C, Chantarangkul V, et al. Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit: A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:1738-42. doi: 10.1111/jth.14850. PubMed PMID: 32302438.
- Lawicki SD, Wang KV, Han B, Love GL. TEG Max Clot Strength is Consistently Elevated and May Be Predictive of COVID-19 Status at the Time of ICU Admission. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20076703.
- Wright FL, Vogler TO, Moore EE, Moore HB, Wohlauer MV, Urban S, et al. Fibrinolysis Shutdown Correlation with Thromboembolic Events in Severe COVID-19 Infection. J Am Coll Surg. 2020;231:193-203 e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.007. PubMed PMID: 32422349; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7227511.
- Spiezia L, Boscolo A, Poletto F, Cerruti L, Tiberio I, Campello E, et al. COVID-19-Related Severe Hypercoagulability in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Failure. Thromb Haemost. 2020;120:998-1000. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1710018. PubMed PMID: 32316063; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7295272.
- Nguyen JL, Yang W, Ito K, Matte TD, Shaman J, Kinney PL. Seasonal Influenza Infections and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1:274-81. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.0433. PubMed PMID: 27438105; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5158013.
- Madjid M, Miller CC, Zarubaev VV, Marinich IG, Kiselev OI, Lobzin YV, et al. Influenza epidemics and acute respiratory disease activity are associated with a surge in autopsy-confirmed coronary heart disease death: results from 8 years of autopsies in 34,892 subjects. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:1205-10. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm035. PubMed PMID: 17440221; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7108465.
- Boehme KW, Compton T. Innate sensing of viruses by toll-like receptors. J Virol. 2004;78:7867-73. doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.15.7867-7873.2004. PubMed PMID: 15254159; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC446107.
- Carty M, Bowie AG. Recent insights into the role of Toll-like receptors in viral infection. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010;161:397-406. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04196.x. PubMed PMID: 20560984; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2962956.
- Koupenova M, Vitseva O, MacKay CR, Beaulieu LM, Benjamin EJ, Mick E, et al. Platelet-TLR7 mediates host survival and platelet count during viral infection in the absence of platelet-dependent thrombosis. Blood. 2014;124:791-802. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-11-536003. PubMed PMID: 24755410; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4118487.
- van der Made CI, Simons A, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers J, van den Heuvel G, Mantere T, Kersten S, et al. Presence of Genetic Variants Among Young Men With Severe COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;324:663-73. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.13719. PubMed PMID: 32706371; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7382021.
- Avcin T, Toplak N. Antiphospholipid antibodies in response to infection. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2007;9:212-8. doi: 10.1007/s11926-007-0034-x. PubMed PMID: 17531174.
- Asherson RA, Cervera R. Antiphospholipid antibodies and infections. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:388-93. doi: 10.1136/ard.62.5.388. PubMed PMID: 12695147; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1754545.
- Zhang Y, Xiao M, Zhang S, Xia P, Cao W, Jiang W, et al. Coagulopathy and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:e38. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2007575. PubMed PMID: 32268022; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7161262.
- Harzallah I, Debliquis A, Drenou B. Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:2064-5. doi: 10.1111/jth.14867. PubMed PMID: 32324958; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7264773.
- Bowles L, Platton S, Yartey N, Dave M, Lee K, Hart DP, et al. Lupus Anticoagulant and Abnormal Coagulation Tests in Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:288-90. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2013656. PubMed PMID: 32369280; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7217555.
- Kahn SR, Lim W, Dunn AS, Cushman M, Dentali F, Akl EA, et al. Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141:e195S-e226S. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-2296. PubMed PMID: 22315261; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3278052.
- Barbar S, Noventa F, Rossetto V, Ferrari A, Brandolin B, Perlati M, et al. A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score. J Thromb Haemost. 2010;8:2450-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04044.x. PubMed PMID: 20738765.
- Depietri L, Marietta M, Scarlini S, Marcacci M, Corradini E, Pietrangelo A, et al. Clinical impact of application of risk assessment models (Padua Prediction Score and Improve Bleeding Score) on venous thromboembolism, major hemorrhage and health expenditure associated with pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis: a “real life” prospective and retrospective observational study on patients hospitalized in a Single Internal Medicine Unit (the STIME study). Intern Emerg Med. 2018;13:527-34. doi: 10.1007/s11739-018-1808-z. PubMed PMID: 29502330.
- Thachil J, Tang N, Gando S, Falanga A, Cattaneo M, Levi M, et al. ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:1023-6. doi: 10.1111/jth.14810. PubMed PMID: 32338827.
- Castiglione V, Chiriaco M, Emdin M, Taddei S, Vergaro G. Statin therapy in COVID-19 infection. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2020;6:258-9. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa042. PubMed PMID: 32347925; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7197622.
- Zeiser R. Immune modulatory effects of statins. Immunology. 2018;154:69-75. doi: 10.1111/imm.12902. PubMed PMID: 29392731; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5904709.
- Kow CS, Hasan SS. Meta-analysis of Effect of Statins in Patients with COVID-19. Am J Cardiol. 2020;134:153-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.08.004. PubMed PMID: 32891399; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7419280
- Khider L, Soudet S, Laneelle D, Boge G, Bura-Riviere A, Constans J, et al. Proposal of the French Society of Vascular Medicine for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolic disease in outpatients with COVID-19. J Med Vasc. 2020;45:210-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jdmv.2020.04.008. PubMed PMID: 32571561; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7183940.
- ASo H. COVID-19 and VTE/Anticoagulation: Frequently Asked Questions; Version 2.1. 2020.
- Moores LK, Tritschler T, Brosnahan S, Carrier M, Collen JF, Doerschug K, et al. Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of VTE in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2020;158:1143-63. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.559. PubMed PMID: 32502594; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7265858.
- Marini JJ, Josephs SA, Mechlin M, Hurford WE. Should Early Prone Positioning Be a Standard of Care in ARDS With Refractory Hypoxemia? Respir Care. 2016;61:818-29. doi: 10.4187/respcare.04562. PubMed PMID: 27235316.
- Guerin C. Prone positioning acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5:289. doi: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.63. PubMed PMID: 28828364; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5537107.
- Rouhezamin MR, Haseli S. Diagnosing Pulmonary Thromboembolism in COVID-19: A Stepwise Clinical and Imaging Approach. Acad Radiol. 2020;27:896-7. doi: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.023. PubMed PMID: 32331965; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7164893.
- Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L, et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int. 2020;97:829-38. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005. PubMed PMID: 32247631; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7110296.
- Rosen RJ. Early thromboembolic events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Thromb Res. 2020;192:1. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.004. PubMed PMID: 32403032; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7200336.
- Dilektasli AG, Demirdogen Cetinoglu E, Acet NA, Erdogan C, Ursavas A, Ozkaya G, et al. Catheter-Directed Therapy in Acute Pulmonary Embolism with Right Ventricular Dysfunction: A Promising Modality to Provide Early Hemodynamic Recovery. Med Sci Monit. 2016;22:1265-73. doi: 10.12659/msm.897617. PubMed PMID: 27081754; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4835153.
- Zuin M, Kuo WT, Rigatelli G, Daggubati R, Vassiliev D, Roncon L. Catheter-directed therapy as a first-line treatment strategy in hemodynamically unstable patients with acute pulmonary embolism: Yes or no? Int J Cardiol. 2016;225:14-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.104. PubMed PMID: 27694031.
- Qureshi AI, Abd-Allah F, Al-Senani F, Aytac E, Borhani-Haghighi A, Ciccone A, et al. Management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: Report of an international panel. Int J Stroke. 2020;15:540-54. doi: 10.1177/1747493020923234. PubMed PMID: 32362244.
- Mahmud E, Dauerman HL, Welt FGP, Messenger JC, Rao SV, Grines C, et al. Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Position Statement From the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76:1375-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.039. PubMed PMID: 32330544; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7173829.
- Lacour T, Semaan C, Genet T, Ivanes F. Insights for increased risk of failed fibrinolytic therapy and stent thrombosis associated with COVID-19 in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020. doi: 10.1002/ccd.28948. PubMed PMID: 32352633; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7267248.
- Reyes Valdivia A, Gomez Olmos C, Ocana Guaita J, Gandarias Zuniga C. Cardiovascular examination should also include peripheral arterial evaluation for COVID-19 patients. J Vasc Surg. 2020;72:758-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.04.494. PubMed PMID: 32361070; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7190486.
- Valizadeh R, Baradaran A, Mirzazadeh A, Bhaskar L. Coronavirus-nephropathy; renal involvement in COVID-19. J Renal Inj Prev. 2020;9:e18. doi: 10.34172/jrip.2020.18.
- Golshahi J, Nasri H, Gharipour M. Contrast-induced nephropathy; A literature review. J Nephropathol. 2014;3:51-6. doi: 10.12860/jnp.2014.12. PubMed PMID: 24772397; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3999584.
- Ozhan H, Erden I, Ordu S, Aydin M, Caglar O, Basar C, et al. Efficacy of short-term high-dose atorvastatin for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Angiology. 2010;61:711-4. doi: 10.1177/0003319710364216. PubMed PMID: 20395226.
- Investigators ACT. Acetylcysteine for prevention of renal outcomes in patients undergoing coronary and peripheral vascular angiography: main results from the randomized Acetylcysteine for Contrast-induced nephropathy Trial (ACT). Circulation. 2011;124:1250-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.038943. PubMed PMID: 21859972.
- Assimakopoulos SF, Marangos M. N-acetyl-cysteine may prevent COVID-19-associated cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2020;140:109778. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109778. PubMed PMID: 32344315; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7195028
- Horowitz RI, Freeman PR, Bruzzese J. Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of 2 cases. Respir Med Case Rep. 2020;30:101063. doi: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101063. PubMed PMID: 32322478; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7172740.
- Ramirez I, De la Viuda E, Baquedano L, Coronado P, Llaneza P, Mendoza N, et al. Managing thromboembolic risk with menopausal hormone therapy and hormonal contraception in the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Spanish Menopause Society, Sociedad Espanola de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and Sociedad Espanola de Trombosis y Hemostasia. Maturitas. 2020;137:57-62. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.04.019. PubMed PMID: 32498938; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7200366.
- Vlachodimitropoulou Koumoutsea E, Vivanti AJ, Shehata N, Benachi A, Le Gouez A, Desconclois C, et al. COVID-19 and acute coagulopathy in pregnancy. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:1648-52. doi: 10.1111/jth.14856. PubMed PMID: 32302459.
- Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1708-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. PubMed PMID: 32109013; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7092819.
- Negri EM, Piloto B, Morinaga LK, Jardim CVP, Lamy SAE-D, Ferreira MA, et al. Heparin therapy improving hypoxia in COVID-19 patients-a case series. medRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101/2020.04.15.20067017.
- Wang J, Hajizadeh N, Moore EE, McIntyre RC, Moore PK, Veress LA, et al. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A case series. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18:1752-5. doi: 10.1111/jth.14828. PubMed PMID: 32267998; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7262152.
- Poterucha TJ, Libby P, Goldhaber SZ. More than an anticoagulant: Do heparins have direct anti-inflammatory effects? Thromb Haemost. 2017;117:437-44. doi: 10.1160/TH16-08-0620. PubMed PMID: 27975101.
- Pons S, Fodil S, Azoulay E, Zafrani L. The vascular endothelium: the cornerstone of organ dysfunction in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Crit Care. 2020;24:353. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03062-7. PubMed PMID: 32546188; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7296907.
|