LinkedIn

 آمار

تعداد نشریات20
تعداد شماره‌ها1,113
تعداد مقالات10,208
تعداد مشاهده مقاله40,777,479
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله8,803,189
SoleimanvandiAzar, Neda, Mohaqeqi Kamal, Seyed Hossein, Sajjadi, Homeira, Ghaedamini Harouni, Gholamreza, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Djalalinia, Shirin, Forouzan, Ameneh Setareh. (1399). Determinants of Outpatient Health Service Utilization according to Andersen’s Behavioral Model: A Systematic Scoping Review. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 45(6), 405-424. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85028.1481
Neda SoleimanvandiAzar; Seyed Hossein Mohaqeqi Kamal; Homeira Sajjadi; Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni; Salah Eddin Karimi; Shirin Djalalinia; Ameneh Setareh Forouzan. "Determinants of Outpatient Health Service Utilization according to Andersen’s Behavioral Model: A Systematic Scoping Review". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 45, 6, 1399, 405-424. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85028.1481
SoleimanvandiAzar, Neda, Mohaqeqi Kamal, Seyed Hossein, Sajjadi, Homeira, Ghaedamini Harouni, Gholamreza, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Djalalinia, Shirin, Forouzan, Ameneh Setareh. (1399). 'Determinants of Outpatient Health Service Utilization according to Andersen’s Behavioral Model: A Systematic Scoping Review', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 45(6), pp. 405-424. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85028.1481
SoleimanvandiAzar, Neda, Mohaqeqi Kamal, Seyed Hossein, Sajjadi, Homeira, Ghaedamini Harouni, Gholamreza, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Djalalinia, Shirin, Forouzan, Ameneh Setareh. Determinants of Outpatient Health Service Utilization according to Andersen’s Behavioral Model: A Systematic Scoping Review. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1399; 45(6): 405-424. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85028.1481

Determinants of Outpatient Health Service Utilization according to Andersen’s Behavioral Model: A Systematic Scoping Review

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
مقاله 2، دوره 45، شماره 6، بهمن 2020، صفحه 405-424    اصل مقاله (589.11 K)
نوع مقاله: Review Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30476/ijms.2020.85028.1481
نویسندگان
Neda SoleimanvandiAzar1، 2؛ Seyed Hossein Mohaqeqi Kamal* 3؛ Homeira Sajjadi4؛ Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni3؛ Salah Eddin Karimi5؛ Shirin Djalalinia6، 7؛ Ameneh Setareh Forouzan3
1Department of Social Welfare Management, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
6Development of Research and Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
7Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده
Background: The present review focuses on identifying factors contributing to health service utilization (HSU) among the general adult population according to Anderson’s behavioral model.
Methods: Published articles in English on factors related to HSU were identified by systematically probing the Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed research engine), and Scopus databases between January 2008 and July 2018, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search terms related to HSU were combined with terms for determinants by Boolean operators AND and OR. The database search yielded 2530 papers. Furthermore, we could find 13 additional studies following a manual search we carried out on the relevant reference lists.
Results: Thirty-seven eligible studies were included in this review, and the determinants of HSU were categorized as predisposing, enabling, and need factors according to Andersen’s model of HSU. The results demonstrated that all predisposing, enabling, and need factors influence HSU. In most studies, the female gender, being married, older age, and being unemployed were positively correlated with increased HSU. However, evidence was found regarding the associations between education levels, regions of residence, and HSU. Several studies reported that a higher education level was related to HSU. Higher incomes and being insured, also, significantly increased the likelihood of HSU.
Conclusion: This review has identified the importance of predisposing, enabling, and need factors, which influence outpatient HSU. The prediction of prospective demands is a major component of planning in health services since, through this measure, we make sure that the existing resources are provided in the most efficient and effective way.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Health service utilization؛ Health service use؛ Determinant؛ Systematic review
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
مراجع
  1. Krishnaswamy S, Subramaniam K, Low WY, Aziz JA, Indran T, Ramachandran P, et al. Factors contributing to utilization of health care services in Malaysia: a population-based study. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2009;21:442-50. doi: 10.1177/1010539509345862. PubMed PMID: 19783559.
  2. Abera Abaerei A, Ncayiyana J, Levin J. Health-care utilization and associated factors in Gauteng province, South Africa. Glob Health Action. 2017;10:1305765. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1305765. PubMed PMID: 28574794; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5496078.
  3. Mojumdar SK. Determinants of health service utilization by urban households in India: A multivariate analysis of NSS case-level data. Journal of Health Management. 2018;20:105-21. doi: 10.1177/0972063418763642.
  4. Gan-Yadam A, Shinohara R, Sugisawa Y, Tanaka E, Watanabe T, Hirano M, et al. Factors associated with health service utilization in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: a population-based survey. J Epidemiol. 2013;23:320-8. doi: 10.2188/jea.je20120123. PubMed PMID: 23831715; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3775525.
  5. Ghaedamini Harouni G, Sajjadi H, Rafiey H, Mirabzadeh A, Vaez-Mahdavi M, Mohaqeqi Kamal SH. Current status of health index in Tehran: A multidimensional approach. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2017;31:29. doi: 10.18869/mjiri.31.29. PubMed PMID: 29445658; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5804418.
  6. Fernandez-Olano C, Hidalgo JD, Cerda-Diaz R, Requena-Gallego M, Sanchez-Castano C, Urbistondo-Cascales L, et al. Factors associated with health care utilization by the elderly in a public health care system. Health Policy. 2006;75:131-9. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.02.005. PubMed PMID: 15961181.
  7. Anderson JG. Health services utilization: framework and review. Health Serv Res. 1973;8:184-99. PubMed PMID: 4593850; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1071757.
  8. Phillips KA, Morrison KR, Andersen R, Aday LA. Understanding the context of healthcare utilization: assessing environmental and provider-related variables in the behavioral model of utilization. Health Serv Res. 1998;33:571-96. PubMed PMID: 9685123; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC1070277.
  9. Shaikh BT, Hatcher J. Health seeking behaviour and health service utilization in Pakistan: challenging the policy makers. J Public Health (Oxf). 2005;27:49-54. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdh207. PubMed PMID: 15590705.
  10. Andersen R, Newman JF. Societal and individual determinants of medical care utilization in the United States. Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc. 1973;51:95-124. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00428.x. PubMed PMID: 4198894.
  11. Da Silva RB, Contandriopoulos AP, Pineault R, Tousignant P. A global approach to evaluation of health services utilization: concepts and measures. Healthc Policy. 2011;6:e106-17. doi: 10.12927/hcpol.2011.22351. PubMed PMID: 22548101; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3107120.
  12. Babitsch B, Gohl D, von Lengerke T. Re-revisiting Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use: a systematic review of studies from 1998-2011. Psychosoc Med. 2012;9:Doc11. doi: 10.3205/psm000089. PubMed PMID: 23133505; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3488807.
  13. Ngwakongnwi E. Measuring Health Services Utilization in Ethnic Populations: Ethnicity and Choice of Frameworks. Public Health Open J. 2017;2:53-8. doi: 10.17140/PHOJ-2-121.
  14. Andersen RM. National health surveys and the behavioral model of health services use. Med Care. 2008;46:647-53. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31817a835d. PubMed PMID: 18580382.
  15. Magaard JL, Seeralan T, Schulz H, Brutt AL. Factors associated with help-seeking behaviour among individuals with major depression: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0176730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176730. PubMed PMID: 28493904; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5426609.
  16. Andersen R. A behavioral model of families’ use of health services. Chicago: University of Chicago; 1968.
  17. Andersen RM. Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: does it matter? J Health Soc Behav. 1995;36:1-10. doi: 10.2307/2137284. PubMed PMID: 7738325.
  18. de Boer AG, Wijker W, de Haes HC. Predictors of health care utilization in the chronically ill: a review of the literature. Health Policy. 1997;42:101-15. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8510(97)00062-6. PubMed PMID: 10175619.
  19. Roberts T, Miguel Esponda G, Krupchanka D, Shidhaye R, Patel V, Rathod S. Factors associated with health service utilisation for common mental disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18:262. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1837-1. PubMed PMID: 30134869; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6104009.
  20. Awoyemi T, Obayelu O, Opaluwa H. Effect of distance on utilization of health care services in rural Kogi State, Nigeria. Journal of human Ecology. 2011;35:1-9. doi: 10.1080/09709274.2011.11906385.
  21. Girma F, Jira C, Girma B. Health services utilization and associated factors in jimma zone, South west ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2011;21:85-94. PubMed PMID: 22435012; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3275873.
  22. Khajeh A, Vardanjani HM, Salehi A, Rahmani N, Delavari S. Healthcare-seeking behavior and its relating factors in South of Iran. J Educ Health Promot. 2019;8:183. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_93_19. PubMed PMID: 31867368; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6796318.
  23. Hosseinpoor AR, Naghavi M, Alavian SM, Speybroeck N, Jamshidi H, Vega J. Determinants of seeking needed outpatient care in Iran: results from a national health services utilization survey. Arch Iran Med. 2007;10:439-45. doi: 07104/AIM.005. PubMed PMID: 17903047.
  24. Rouhani S, Abdollahi F, Mohammadpour RA. The Association between Family Socio-Economic Status and Health Care Utilization in Ghaemshahr-Mazandaran, Iran. Iranian journal of health sciences. 2014;2:52-8. doi: 10.18869/acadpub.jhs.2.4.52.
  25. Doroh V, Hatam N, Jafari A, Kafashi S, Kavosi Z. Determinants of outpatient services utilization in Shiraz, 2012. J Community Med Health Educ. 2013;3:2161-711.1000216. doi: doi.org/10.4172/2161-0711.1000216.
  26. Guindon GE. The impact of health insurance on health services utilization and health outcomes in Vietnam. Health Econ Policy Law. 2014;9:359-82. doi: 10.1017/S174413311400005X. PubMed PMID: 24661805.
  27. Fields BE, Bell JF, Moyce S, Bigbee JL. The impact of insurance instability on health service utilization: does non-metropolitan residence make a difference? J Rural Health. 2015;31:27-34. doi: 10.1111/jrh.12077. PubMed PMID: 25040420.
  28. O’Connor GE. Investigating the significance of insurance and income on health service utilization across generational cohorts. Journal of Financial Services Marketing. 2016;21:19-33. doi: 10.1057/fsm.2015.23.
  29. Harmon C, Nolan B. Health insurance and health services utilization in Ireland. Health Econ. 2001;10:135-45. doi: 10.1002/hec.565. PubMed PMID: 11252044.
  30. Lotfi F, Nouraei Motlagh S, Mahdavi G, Keshavarz K, Hadian M, Abolghasem Gorji H. Factors Affecting the Utilization of Outpatient Health Services and Importance of Health Insurance. Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2017;18. doi: 10.5812/semj.57570.
  31. Hassanzadeh J, Mohammadbeigi A, Eshrati B, Rezaianzadeh A, Rajaeefard A. Determinants of inequity in health care services utilization in markazi province of iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15:363-70. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.3525. PubMed PMID: 24349720; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3838642.
  32. Hom MA, Stanley IH, Schneider ME, Joiner TE, Jr. A systematic review of help-seeking and mental health service utilization among military service members. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;53:59-78. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.01.008. PubMed PMID: 28214634.
  33. Twomey CD, Baldwin DS, Hopfe M, Cieza A. A systematic review of the predictors of health service utilisation by adults with mental disorders in the UK. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e007575. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007575. PubMed PMID: 26150142; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4499684.
  34. Winters M, Rechel B, de Jong L, Pavlova M. A systematic review on the use of healthcare services by undocumented migrants in Europe. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:30. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-2838-y. PubMed PMID: 29347933; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5774156.
  35. Brennan A, Morley D, O’Leary AC, Bergin CJ, Horgan M. Determinants of HIV outpatient service utilization: a systematic review. AIDS Behav. 2015;19:104-19. doi: 10.1007/s10461-014-0814-z. PubMed PMID: 24907780.
  36. Vandenbroucke JP, von Elm E, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, Mulrow CD, Pocock SJ, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2007;4:e297. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297. PubMed PMID: 17941715; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2020496.
  37. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:573-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010. PubMed PMID: 17938396.
  38. Economou A, Nikolaou A, Theodossiou I. Socioeconomic status and health-care utilization: a study of the effects of low income, unemployment and hours of work on the demand for health care in the European Union. Health Serv Manage Res. 2008;21:40-59. doi: 10.1258/hsmr.2007.007013. PubMed PMID: 18275664.
  39. Gonzalez Alvarez ML, Barranquero AC. Inequalities in health care utilization in Spain due to double insurance coverage: An Oaxaca-Ransom decomposition. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69:793-801. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.06.037. PubMed PMID: 19628322.
  40. Lemstra M, Mackenbach J, Neudorf C, Nannapaneni U. High health care utilization and costs associated with lower socio-economic status: results from a linked dataset. Can J Public Health. 2009;100:180-3. doi: 10.1007/BF03405536. PubMed PMID: 19507718; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6973662.
  41. Lopez-Cevallos DF, Chi C. Health care utilization in Ecuador: a multilevel analysis of socio-economic determinants and inequality issues. Health Policy Plan. 2010;25:209-18. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czp052. PubMed PMID: 19917653.
  42. Lopez-Cevallos DF, Chi C. Assessing the context of health care utilization in Ecuador: a spatial and multilevel analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2010;10:64. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-10-64. PubMed PMID: 20222988; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2850335.
  43. Morera Salas M, Aparicio Llanos A. Determinants of health care utilization in Costa Rica. Gac Sanit. 2010;24:410-5. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.05.009. PubMed PMID: 20934785.
  44. Ş Şenol V, Cetinkaya F, Balci E. Factors associated with health services utilization by the general population in the Center of Kayseri, Turkey. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2010;30:721-30. doi: 10.5336/medsci.2008-9283.
  45. Lahana E, Pappa E, Niakas D. Do place of residence and ethnicity affect health services utilization? evidence from greece. Int J Equity Health. 2011;10:16. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-10-16. PubMed PMID: 21521512; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3107789.
  46. Tountas Y, Oikonomou N, Pallikarona G, Dimitrakaki C, Tzavara C, Souliotis K, et al. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic determinants of health services utilization in Greece: the Hellas Health I study. Health Serv Manage Res. 2011;24:8-18. doi: 10.1258/hsmr.2010.010009. PubMed PMID: 21285361.
  47. Mahmood MA, Bauze AE, Lokhorst JT, Bi P, Saniotis A. Influence of living arrangements on health services utilisation in Australia. Aust Health Rev. 2012;36:34-8. doi: 10.1071/AH10920. PubMed PMID: 22513017.
  48. Hansen AH, Halvorsen PA, Ringberg U, Forde OH. Socio-economic inequalities in health care utilisation in Norway: a population based cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:336. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-12-336. PubMed PMID: 23006844; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3508955.
  49. Jahangeer R. PHS82 Determinants of Health Service Utilization in Urban Pakistan. Value in Health. 2012;15:A533. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.1855.
  50. Nguyen CV. The impact of voluntary health insurance on health care utilization and out-of-pocket payments: new evidence for Vietnam. Health Econ. 2012;21:946-66. doi: 10.1002/hec.1768. PubMed PMID: 21780239.
  51. Vikum E, Krokstad S, Westin S. Socioeconomic inequalities in health care utilisation in Norway: the population-based HUNT3 survey. Int J Equity Health. 2012;11:48. doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-11-48. PubMed PMID: 22909009; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3490903.
  52. Barraza-Llorens M, Panopoulou G, Diaz BY. Income-related inequalities and inequities in health and health care utilization in Mexico, 2000-2006. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2013;33:122-30. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892013000200007. PubMed PMID: 23525342.
  53. Mohammadbeigi A, Hassanzadeh J, Eshrati B, Rezaianzadeh A. Decomposition of inequity determinants of healthcare utilization, Iran. Public Health. 2013;127:661-7. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.001. PubMed PMID: 23608021.
  54. Vikum E, Bjorngaard JH, Westin S, Krokstad S. Socio-economic inequalities in Norwegian health care utilization over 3 decades: the HUNT Study. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23:1003-10. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt053. PubMed PMID: 23729479.
  55. Ownby RL, Acevedo A, Jacobs RJ, Caballero J, Waldrop-Valverde D. Quality of life, health status, and health service utilization related to a new measure of health literacy: FLIGHT/VIDAS. Patient Educ Couns. 2014;96:404-10. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.05.005. PubMed PMID: 24856447; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4700512.
  56. Chiavegatto Filho AD, Wang YP, Malik AM, Takaoka J, Viana MC, Andrade LH. Determinants of the use of health care services: multilevel analysis in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo. Rev Saude Publica. 2015;49:15. doi: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2015049005246. PubMed PMID: 25741652; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4386561.
  57. Nouraei Motlagh S, Sabermahani A, Hadian M, Lari MA, Mahdavi MR, Abolghasem Gorji H. Factors Affecting Health Care Utilization in Tehran. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;7:240-9. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n6p240. PubMed PMID: 26153189; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4803860.
  58. Zhang X, Wu Q, Shao Y, Fu W, Liu G, Coyte PC. Socioeconomic inequities in health care utilization in China. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015;27:429-38. doi: 10.1177/1010539514565446. PubMed PMID: 25563350.
  59. Duckett J, Hunt K, Munro N, Sutton M. Does distrust in providers affect health-care utilization in China? Health Policy Plan. 2016;31:1001-9. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czw024. PubMed PMID: 27117483; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5013779.
  60. Kim HK, Lee M. Factors associated with health services utilization between the years 2010 and 2012 in Korea: using Andersen’s Behavioral model. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7:18-25. doi: 10.1016/j.phrp.2015.11.007. PubMed PMID: 26981338; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4776261.
  61. Kim K, Casado BL. Preventive Health Services Utilization Among Korean Americans. Soc Work Public Health. 2016;31:431-8. doi: 10.1080/19371918.2015.1137508. PubMed PMID: 27171558.
  62. Sozmen K, Unal B. Explaining inequalities in Health Care Utilization among Turkish adults: Findings from Health Survey 2008. Health Policy. 2016;120:100-10. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.10.003. PubMed PMID: 26563631.
  63. Tran BX, Nguyen LH, Nong VM, Nguyen CT. Health status and health service utilization in remote and mountainous areas in Vietnam. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2016;14:85. doi: 10.1186/s12955-016-0485-8. PubMed PMID: 27267367; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4895985.
  64. Bazie GW, Adimassie MT. Modern health services utilization and associated factors in North East Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0185381. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185381. PubMed PMID: 28949978; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5614575.
  65. Fujita M, Sato Y, Nagashima K, Takahashi S, Hata A. Impact of geographic accessibility on utilization of the annual health check-ups by income level in Japan: A multilevel analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0177091. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177091. PubMed PMID: 28486522; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5423628.
  66. Lostao L, Geyer S, Albaladejo R, Moreno-Lostao A, Santos JM, Regidor E. Socioeconomic position and health services use in Germany and Spain during the Great Recession. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0183325. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183325. PubMed PMID: 28854226; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5576673.
  67. Ranjbar Ezzatabadi M, Khosravi A, Bahrami MA, Rafiei S. Socio-economic inequalities in health services utilization: a cross-sectional study. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2018;31:69-75. doi: 10.1108/IJHCQA-04-2017-0059. PubMed PMID: 29504844.
  68. Dotse-Gborgbortsi W, Dwomoh D, Alegana V, Hill A, Tatem AJ, Wright J. The influence of distance and quality on utilisation of birthing services at health facilities in Eastern Region, Ghana. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4:e002020. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002020. PubMed PMID: 32154031; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7044703.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3,706
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 3,141


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب