Background: Maternal childbirth satisfaction is one of the important indicators of the quality of the care provided. The use of non-pharmacological therapies can make the childbirth process a pleasurable event for the mother. This study aimed to compare the effects of watching virtual reality videos and chewing gum on the length of delivery stages and maternal satisfaction. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 93 women with first and second pregnancies, who were referred to Allameh Bohlool Hospital in Gonabad and Sajjadieh Hospital in Torbat-e-Jam, Iran, for childbirth between 2018 and 2019. Pregnant women were randomly assigned to three groups of chewing gum, virtual reality, and control. Interventions were performed twice: in the active (dilation of 4–5 cm) and second (dilation of 7–8 cm) phases of parturition for 20 minutes each. Data were collected using data-gathering forms, including a demographic characteristics form, a midwifery characteristics form, and the Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22, via the Chi square tests, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, and Tukey’s post hoc tests. Results: The difference in the mean maternal childbirth satisfaction score between the two intervention groups of virtual reality and chewing gum was not statistically significant (P=0.339), but the mean score in the intervention groups was higher than that of the control group (p <0.001(. There was no significant difference in the mean length of the active and second phases of parturition between the two intervention groups, but this value in the intervention groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: The thought divergence interventions of chewing gum and watching virtual reality videos enhanced childbirth satisfaction, and curtailed parturition stages in our sample of pregnant women. Trial Registration Number: IRCT20181214041963N1. |
- Vaziri F, Khademian Z, Behbahani BM. Qualitative investigation of experiences and perception of primiparous women regarding childbirth in women referring to educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Modern Care Journal. 2012;9. Persian.
- Jha P, Larsson M, Christensson K, Skoog Svanberg A. Satisfaction with childbirth services provided in public health facilities: results from a cross- sectional survey among postnatal women in Chhattisgarh, India. Glob Health Action. 2017;10:1386932. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1386932. PubMed PMID: 29087240; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5678347.
- Sayed W, AbdElAal D, Mohammed HS, Abbas AM, Zahran KM. Maternal satisfaction with delivery services at tertiary university hospital in upper Egypt, is it actually satisfying. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2018;7:2547-52. doi: 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182859.
- Kordi M, Bakhshi M, Masoudi S, Esmaily H. Effect of Prenatal Psychological Trainings on Satisfaction with Childbirth and Maternal Role Competence in Primiparous Women. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2018;28:98-108. Persian.
- Jafari E, Mohebbi P, Rastegari L, Mazloomzadeh S. The comparison of physiologic and routine method of delivery in mother’s satisfaction level in Ayatollah Mosavai Hospital, Zanjan, Iran, 2012. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2013;16:9-18. Persian.
- Makvandi S, Zargar Shoshtari S, Montazeri S, Ahangarpour A. The effect of chewing sugar-free gum on the anxiety level of active phase of labor in nulliparous women. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013;20:9-15. Persian.
- Hekmatzadeh S, Mirmolaei S, Hoseini N. The effect of boiled dill (Anethum graveolens) seeds on the long active phase and labor pain intensity. Armaghane danesh. 2012;17:50-9. Persian.
- Zare S, Zandvakili F, Soofizade N, Farhadifar F, Sadrinezhad A. Evaluation of the causes and maternal and fetal complications in prolonged pregnancy compared with term pregnancy in Sanandaj Besat hospital during 2013-2014. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2017;20:29-34. Persian.
- Fathi L, Amraei K. Effects of Phoenix dactylifera Syrup Consumption on the Severity of Labor Pain and Length of the Active Phase of Labor in Nulliparous Women. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2019;31:18-27. doi: 10.29252/ijn.31.116.18. Persian.
- Mirghafourvand M, SehhatieShafaie F, Vosoughi-Niri J. The effect of non-pharmacological methods of labor pain relief on mothers’ perceived stress: Arandomized controlled trial. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2014;14:398-411. Persian.
- Siddiquee NA. E-government and transformation of service delivery in developing countries. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy. 2016;10:368-90. doi: 10.1108/TG-09-2015-0039. Persian.
- Indovina P, Barone D, Gallo L, Chirico A, De Pietro G, Giordano A. Virtual Reality as a Distraction Intervention to Relieve Pain and Distress During Medical Procedures: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Clin J Pain. 2018;34:858-77. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000599. PubMed PMID: 29485536.
- Hirano Y, Onozuka M. Chewing and attention: a positive effect on sustained attention. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:367026. doi: 10.1155/2015/367026. PubMed PMID: 26075234; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4449948.
- Salari P, Alavian F, Fayyazi Bordbar MR, Hashemi E. The effect of mint chewing gum on salivary cortisol the first stage of labor in nulliparous women. Evidence Based Care. 2013;3:17-26. Persian.
- Mansouri A, Vahed AS, Shahdadi H, Mehr SD, Arbabisarjou A. A comparative study on the effect of sugarless chewing gum with sugarless candy on xerostomia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Bali Med J. 2018;7:146-51. doi: 10.15562/bmj.v7i1.844.
- Yokoyama I, Sarai T, Asai T, Kitou N, Nozaki H, Kondo Y, et al. Virtual reality and augmented reality applications and simulation in vascular access management with three-dimensional visualization. J Vasc Access. 2019;20:65-70. doi: 10.1177/1129729818776904. PubMed PMID: 31032726.
- Frey DP, Bauer ME, Bell CL, Low LK, Hassett AL, Cassidy RB, et al. Virtual Reality Analgesia in Labor: The VRAIL Pilot Study-A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial Suggesting Benefit of Immersive Virtual Reality Analgesia in Unmedicated Laboring Women. Anesth Analg. 2019;128:e93-e6. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003649. PubMed PMID: 31094789.
- Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41:1149-60. doi: 10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149. PubMed PMID: 19897823.
- Pratiwi I, Husin F, Ganiem AR, Susiarno H, Arifin A, Wirakusuma F. The effect of virtual reality on pain in primiparity women. International Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2017;4:46-50.
- Ganji Z, Shirvani MA, Rezaei-Abhari F, Danesh M. The effect of intermittent local heat and cold on labor pain and child birth outcome. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2013;18:298-303. PubMed PMID: 24403926; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3872865.
- Moghimi Hanjani S, Mehdizadeh Tourzani Z, Zeighami Mohammadi S, Nasrollahi S, Haghighi Khoshkho N, Tajvidi M. The Effect of Local Heat Therapy Method on Pain, Childbirth’s Outcomes, and Rate of Satisfaction in Primiparous Women: Randomize Clinical Trial. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2018;12:35-43. doi: 10.29252/qums.12.5.35. Persian.
- Rosen MA. Nitrous oxide for relief of labor pain: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186:S110-26. doi: 10.1067/mob.2002.121259. PubMed PMID: 12011877.
- Scholey A, Haskell C, Robertson B, Kennedy D, Milne A, Wetherell M. Chewing gum alleviates negative mood and reduces cortisol during acute laboratory psychological stress. Physiol Behav. 2009;97:304-12. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.028. PubMed PMID: 19268676.
- Sketchley-Kaye K, Jenks R, Miles C, Johnson AJ. Chewing gum modifies state anxiety and alertness under conditions of social stress. Nutr Neurosci. 2011;14:237-42. doi: 10.1179/1476830511Y.0000000017. PubMed PMID: 22053754.
|