LinkedIn

 آمار

تعداد نشریات20
تعداد شماره‌ها1,149
تعداد مقالات10,518
تعداد مشاهده مقاله45,415,485
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله11,291,263
Tabari, Parinaz, Amini, Mitra, Moghadami, Mohsen, Moosavi, Mahsa. (1399). International Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Rapid Review. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 45(3), 157-169. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85810.1537
Parinaz Tabari; Mitra Amini; Mohsen Moghadami; Mahsa Moosavi. "International Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Rapid Review". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 45, 3, 1399, 157-169. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85810.1537
Tabari, Parinaz, Amini, Mitra, Moghadami, Mohsen, Moosavi, Mahsa. (1399). 'International Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Rapid Review', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 45(3), pp. 157-169. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85810.1537
Tabari, Parinaz, Amini, Mitra, Moghadami, Mohsen, Moosavi, Mahsa. International Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Rapid Review. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1399; 45(3): 157-169. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2020.85810.1537

International Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreak: A Rapid Review

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
مقاله 2، دوره 45، شماره 3، مرداد 2020، صفحه 157-169    اصل مقاله (300.47 K)
نوع مقاله: Review Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30476/ijms.2020.85810.1537
نویسندگان
Parinaz Tabari1؛ Mitra Amini* 1؛ Mohsen Moghadami2؛ Mahsa Moosavi1
1Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده
Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant threat to many countries. Since the disease does not currently have a particular treatment, there is a compelling need to find substitute means to dominate its expansion. In this rapid review, we aimed to determine some countries’ public responses to the COVID-19 epidemic.
Methods: In this study, academic databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase, were investigated. The keywords applied in the search strategy besides the names of each country were: “Public Health,” “Public Response”, “Health Policy”, “COVID-19”, “Novel Coronavirus,” “2019-nCoV”, and “SARS-COV-2”. The countries included China, Italy, Iran, Spain, South Korea, Germany, France, United States, Australia, Canada, Japan, and Singapore.
Results: The total number of retrieved articles in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase in April 2020 was 594, and after removing 259 duplicate articles, 335 papers were screened by the experts. After this investigation, 50 articles, in addition to 12 webpages, were extensively reviewed for the results section. Public health strategies and responses can be divided into four main areas, including monitoring, public education, crowd controlling, and care facilities.
Conclusion: According to the results of the management decisions of some governments on quarantining, social isolation, screening methods, and flight suspensions due to the severity and anonymity of COVID-19, it is highly assured that these strategies would be the most successful approaches to confront the present pandemic. Governments should put in place timely and strict measures to halt the spread and diminish its unintended deadly consequences.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Novel coronavirus؛ Public health؛ Health Policy؛ Pandemics
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
مراجع
  1. Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034. PubMed PMID: 32112977; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7105032.
  2. Battegay M, Kuehl R, Tschudin-Sutter S, Hirsch HH, Widmer AF, Neher RA. 2019-novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): estimating the case fatality rate - a word of caution. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020;150:w20203. doi: 10.4414/smw.2020.20203. PubMed PMID: 32031234.
  3. Haider N, Yavlinsky A, Simons D, Osman AY, Ntoumi F, Zumla A, et al. Passengers’ destinations from China: low risk of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America. Epidemiol Infect. 2020;148:e41. doi: 10.1017/S0950268820000424. PubMed PMID: 32100667; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7058650.
  4. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol. 2020;92:479-90. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25707. PubMed PMID: 32052466.
  5. NCBI [Internet]. LitCovid. [cited 2020 12 April]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/
  6. Team C-NIRS. COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 6 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 7 March 2020). Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2020;44. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.21. PubMed PMID: 32156224.
  7. Team C-NIRS. COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 5 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 29 February 2020). Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2020;44. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.20. PubMed PMID: 32126197.
  8. Team C-NIRS. COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 4 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 22 February 2020). Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2020;44. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.17. PubMed PMID: 32098616.
  9. Team C-NIRS. COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 3 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 15 February 2020). Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2020;44. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.15. PubMed PMID: 32074480.
  10. Team C-NIRS. COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 2 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 8 February 2020). Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2020;44. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.14. PubMed PMID: 32050080.
  11. Patel A, Jernigan DB, nCo VCDCRT. Initial Public Health Response and Interim Clinical Guidance for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - United States, December 31, 2019-February 4, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:140-6. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6905e1. PubMed PMID: 32027631; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7004396.
  12. Nishiura H, Kobayashi T, Yang Y, Hayashi K, Miyama T, Kinoshita R, et al. The Rate of Underascertainment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection: Estimation Using Japanese Passengers Data on Evacuation Flights. J Clin Med. 2020;9. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020419. PubMed PMID: 32033064; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7074297.
  13. Spina S, Marrazzo F, Migliari M, Stucchi R, Sforza A, Fumagalli R. The response of Milan’s Emergency Medical System to the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Lancet. 2020;395:e49-e50. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30493-1. PubMed PMID: 32119824; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7124430.
  14. Chen S, Yang J, Yang W, Wang C, Barnighausen T. COVID-19 control in China during mass population movements at New Year. Lancet. 2020;395:764-6. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30421-9. PubMed PMID: 32105609.
  15. Jernigan DB, Team CC-R. Update: Public Health Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak - United States, February 24, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:216-9. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6908e1. PubMed PMID: 32106216.
  16. Government of Canada [Internet]. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Outbreak update. [cited 2020 15 March]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection.html
  17. Lee VJ, Chiew CJ, Khong WX. Interrupting transmission of COVID-19: lessons from containment efforts in Singapore. J Travel Med. 2020. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa039. PubMed PMID: 32167146; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7107552.
  18. Ghanchi A. Adaptation of the National Plan for the Prevention and Fight Against Pandemic Influenza to the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic in France. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2020:1-9. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.82. PubMed PMID: 32252845.
  19. Sani G, Janiri D, Di Nicola M, Janiri L, Ferretti S, Chieffo D. Mental health during and after the COVID-19 emergency in Italy. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020. doi: 10.1111/pcn.13004. PubMed PMID: 32248608.
  20. Kidd M. Australia’s primary care COVID-19 response. Aust J Gen Pract. 2020;49. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-COVID-02. PubMed PMID: 32241074.
  21. Kim S, Kim YJ, Peck KR, Jung E. School Opening Delay Effect on Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: Based on Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Study. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35:e143. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e143. PubMed PMID: 32242349; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7131906.
  22. Davarpanah AH, Mahdavi A, Sabri A, Langroudi TF, Kahkouee S, Haseli S, et al. Novel Screening and Triage Strategy in Iran During Deadly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic: Value of Humanitarian Teleconsultation Service. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.015. PubMed PMID: 32208138; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7118529.
  23. Ohannessian R, Duong TA, Odone A. Global Telemedicine Implementation and Integration Within Health Systems to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6:e18810. doi: 10.2196/18810. PubMed PMID: 32238336; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7124951.
  24. Sorbello M, El-Boghdadly K, Di Giacinto I, Cataldo R, Esposito C, Falcetta S, et al. The Italian coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: recommendations from clinical practice. Anaesthesia. 2020. doi: 10.1111/anae.15049. PubMed PMID: 32221973.
  25. Worldometers [Internet]. COVID-19 Coronavirus pandemic. [cited 2020 10 April]. Available from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
  26. Anzai A, Kobayashi T, Linton NM, Kinoshita R, Hayashi K, Suzuki A, et al. Assessing the Impact of Reduced Travel on Exportation Dynamics of Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19). J Clin Med. 2020;9. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020601. PubMed PMID: 32102279; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7073579.
  27. Chen W, Wang Q, Li YQ, Yu HL, Xia YY, Zhang ML, et al. [Early containment strategies and core measures for prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020;54:1-6. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2020.03.003. PubMed PMID: 32064856.
  28. Du Z, Wang L, Cauchemez S, Xu X, Wang X, Cowling BJ, et al. Risk for Transportation of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease from Wuhan to Other Cities in China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26. doi: 10.3201/eid2605.200146. PubMed PMID: 32053479.
  29. Loeb J. China bans sale of wildlife following coronavirus. Vet Rec. 2020;186:144-5. doi: 10.1136/vr.m495. PubMed PMID: 32029660.
  30. Zhang S, Wang Z, Chang R, Wang H, Xu C, Yu X, et al. COVID-19 containment: China provides important lessons for global response. Front Med. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0766-9. PubMed PMID: 32212059.
  31. Cyranoski D. What China’s coronavirus response can teach the rest of the world. Nature. 2020;579:479-80. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-00741-x. PubMed PMID: 32203360.
  32. Chen S, Zhang Z, Yang J, Wang J, Zhai X, Barnighausen T, et al. Fangcang shelter hospitals: a novel concept for responding to public health emergencies. Lancet. 2020. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30744-3. PubMed PMID: 32247320.
  33. Ruan L, Wen M, Zeng Q, Chen C, Huang S, Yang S, et al. New measures for COVID-19 response: a lesson from the Wenzhou experience. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa386. PubMed PMID: 32246149.
  34. Grasselli G, Pesenti A, Cecconi M. Critical Care Utilization for the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy, Italy: Early Experience and Forecast During an Emergency Response. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4031. PubMed PMID: 32167538.
  35. Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4683. PubMed PMID: 32203977.
  36. Carenzo L, Costantini E, Greco M, Barra FL, Rendiniello V, Mainetti M, et al. Hospital surge capacity in a tertiary emergency referral centre during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Anaesthesia. 2020. doi: 10.1111/anae.15072. PubMed PMID: 32246838.
  37. Paterlini M. Lockdown in Italy: personal stories of doing science during the COVID-19 quarantine. Nature. 2020. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-01001-8. PubMed PMID: 32242111.
  38. Guzzetta G, Poletti P, Ajelli M, Trentini F, Marziano V, Cereda D, et al. Potential short-term outcome of an uncontrolled COVID-19 epidemic in Lombardy, Italy, February to March 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.12.2000293. PubMed PMID: 32234117; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7118340.
  39. Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Internet]. New traffic restrictions. [cited 2020 15 March]. Available from: http://behdasht.gov.ir/index.jsp?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=54782&newsview=200689. Persian.
  40. Abdi M. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Iran: Actions and problems. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020:1-2. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.86. PubMed PMID: 32192541; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7137533.
  41. Seddighi H. Trust in humanitarian aid from the earthquake 2017 to COVID-19 in Iran: A policy analysis. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2020:1-9. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.54. PubMed PMID: 32216858.
  42. Raeisi A, Tabrizi JS, Gouya MM. IR of Iran National Mobilization against COVID-19 Epidemic. Arch Iran Med. 2020;23:216-9. doi: 10.34172/aim.2020.01. PubMed PMID: 32271593.
  43. Moradzadeh R. The challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, 2020. Epidemiol Infect. 2020:1-6. doi: 10.1017/S0950268820000783. PubMed PMID: 32242790.
  44. Social distancing policies in Iran [Internet]. Government of Iran. [cited 2020 4 April]. Available from: http://www.president.ir/fa/114562. Persian.
  45. La Moncloa [Internet]. President of the Government calls for political and public unity to overcome coronavirus emergency. [cited 2020 18 March]. Available from: https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/presidente/news/Paginas/2020/20200318parliament.aspx
  46. The Guardian [Internet]. Spain orders non-essential workers stay home for two weeks. [cited 2020 28 March]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/28/covid-19-may-be-peaking-in-parts-of-spain-says-official
  47. Shirato K, Nao N, Katano H, Takayama I, Saito S, Kato F, et al. Development of Genetic Diagnostic Methods for Novel Coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019) in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2020. doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.061. PubMed PMID: 32074516.
  48. Sawano T, Ozaki A, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Tanimoto T, Sah R. Limiting spread of COVID-19 from cruise ships - lessons to be learnt from Japan. QJM. 2020. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa092. PubMed PMID: 32170953; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7094785.
  49. The Guardian [Internet]. Japan declares state of emergency over coronavirus. [cited 2020 7 April]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/07/japan-shinzo-abe-declares-state-of-emergency-over-coronavirus
  50. Bernard Stoecklin S, Rolland P, Silue Y, Mailles A, Campese C, Simondon A, et al. First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.6.2000094. PubMed PMID: 32070465; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7029452.
  51. Konrad R, Eberle U, Dangel A, Treis B, Berger A, Bengs K, et al. Rapid establishment of laboratory diagnostics for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Bavaria, Germany, February 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020;25. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.9.2000173. PubMed PMID: 32156330; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7068163.
  52. Franve 24 [Internet]. Merkel announces strict measures, tells Germans to stay home in virus fight. [cited 2020 17 March]. Available from: https://www.france24.com/en/20200317-merkel-announces-strict-measures-and-tells-germans-to-stay-home-in-virus-fight
  53. The Politico [Internet]. Germany expands border controls for EU travelers, minister says. [cited 2020 19 March]. Available from: https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-closing-borders-to-eu-travelers-minister-says/
  54. The Politico [Internet]. Germany’s Merkel bans meetings of more than 2 people to slow coronavirus. [cited 2020 22 March]. Available from: https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/22/germany-merkel-bans-meetings-two-people-142283
  55. The Guardian [Internet]. Germany’s devolved logic is helping it win the coronavirus race. [cited 2020 5 April]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/05/germanys-devolved-logic-is-helping-it-win-the-coronavirus-race
  56. Webster P. Canada and COVID-19: learning from SARS. Lancet. 2020;395:936-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30670-X. PubMed PMID: 32199479.
  57. Government of Canada [Internet]. Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan. [cited 2020 12 April]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/economic-response-plan.html
  58. Wong J, Goh QY, Tan Z, Lie SA, Tay YC, Ng SY, et al. Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Can J Anaesth. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01620-9. PubMed PMID: 32162212; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7090449.
  59. Liew MF, Siow WT, MacLaren G, See KC. Preparing for COVID-19: early experience from an intensive care unit in Singapore. Crit Care. 2020;24:83. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2814-x. PubMed PMID: 32151274; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7063757.
  60. Wong JEL, Leo YS, Tan CC. COVID-19 in Singapore-Current Experience: Critical Global Issues That Require Attention and Action. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2467. PubMed PMID: 32077901.
  61. Singapore Government Agency Website [Internet]. Everything you need to know about Quarantine Orders. [cited 2020 25 March]. Available from: https://www.gov.sg/article/everything-you-need-to-know-about-quarantine-orders
  62. Singapore Government Agency Website [Internet]. COVID-19 Resources. [cited 2020 10 April]. Available from: https://www.gov.sg/article/covid-19-resources
  63. Covid-19 National Emergency Response Center E, Case Management Team KCfDC, Prevention. Contact Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Novel Investigation Techniques for Tracing Contacts. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11:60-3. doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.09. PubMed PMID: 32149043; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7045882.
  64. Ki M, Task Force for -nCo V. Epidemiologic characteristics of early cases with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) disease in Korea. Epidemiol Health. 2020;42:e2020007. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2020007. PubMed PMID: 32035431.
  65. Huh S. How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:10. doi: 10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.10. PubMed PMID: 32150796.
  66. Her M. How is COVID-19 affecting South Korea? What is our current strategy? Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2020:1-7. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2020.69. PubMed PMID: 32241325.
  67. Moradi H, Vaezi A. Lessons Learned From Korea: Covid-19 Pandemic. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020:1-5. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.104. PubMed PMID: 32241308.
  68. Stokes DC. Senior Medical Students in the COVID-19 Response: An Opportunity to Be Proactive. Acad Emerg Med. 2020;27:343-5. doi: 10.1111/acem.13972. PubMed PMID: 32215977.
  69. Team C-NIRS. COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 8 (Reporting period from 19:00 AEDT 14 March to 23:59 AEDT 22 March 2020). Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2020;44. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2020.44.28. PubMed PMID: 32223725.
  70. Han Q, Lin Q, Jin S, You L. Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: A brief perspective from the front line. J Infect. 2020;80:373-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.010. PubMed PMID: 32109444; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7102581.
  71. Xu C, Luo X, Yu C, Cao S-J. The 2019-nCoV epidemic control strategies and future challenges of building healthy smart cities. Indoor and Built Environment. 2020:1420326X20910408. doi: 10.1177/1420326X20910408.
  72. Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P, Bretzel G, Froeschl G, Wallrauch C, et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:970-1. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001468. PubMed PMID: 32003551; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7120970.
  73. Raoofi A, Takian A, Akbari Sari A, Olyaeemanesh A, Haghighi H, Aarabi M. COVID-19 Pandemic and Comparative Health Policy Learning in Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2020;23:220-34. doi: 10.34172/aim.2020.02. PubMed PMID: 32271594.
  74. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Fighting COVID-19 in Iran; Economic Challenges Ahead. Arch Iran Med. 2020;23:284. doi: 10.34172/aim.2020.14. PubMed PMID: 32271606.
  75. Lazzerini M, Putoto G. COVID-19 in Italy: momentous decisions and many uncertainties. Lancet Glob Health. 2020. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30110-8. PubMed PMID: 32199072; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7104294.
  76. Yuan J, Li M, Lv G, Lu ZK. Monitoring Transmissibility and Mortality of COVID-19 in Europe. Int J Infect Dis. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.050. PubMed PMID: 32234343; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7102547.
  77. The Guardian [Internet]. How did Spain get its coronavirus response so wrong? [cited 2020 12 April]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/26/spain-coronavirus-response-analysis
  78. Reuters [Internet]. France’s coronavirus death rate accelerates, cases near 100,000. [cited 2020 7 April]. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-france-toll/frances-coronavirus-death-rate-accelerates-cases-near-100000-idUSKBN21O2OX
  79. VOX [Internet]. Matthews D. 11 charts that explain the coronavirus pandemic: [cited 2020 18 March]. Available from: https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/3/12/21172040/coronavirus-covid-19-virus-charts
  80. The Guardian [Internet]. Italy death toll overtakes China with 3,405 deaths from virus. [cited 2020 19 March]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2020/mar/19/coronavirus-update-live-news-who-covid19-cases-outbreak-us-states-uk-school-closures-australia-europe-eu-africa-asia-latest-updates?page=with:block-5e73a90f8f088d7575596a4a#block-5e73a90f8f088d7575596a4a
  81. NBC bay area [Internet]. Difference Between COVID-19 Cases in CA vs. NY Is Likely Sheer Luck: Experts. [cited 2020 8 April]. Available from: https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/difference-between-covid-19-cases-in-ca-vs-ny-is-likely-sheer-luck-experts/2269934/
  82. Bouey J. Strengthening China’s Public Health Response System: From SARS to COVID-19. Am J Public Health. 2020:e1-e2. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305654. PubMed PMID: 32213081.
  83. Khot WY, Nadkar MY. The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak - A Global Threat. J Assoc Physicians India. 2020;68:67-71. PubMed PMID: 32138488.
  84. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55:105924. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924. PubMed PMID: 32081636; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7127800.
  85. Boldog P, Tekeli T, Vizi Z, Denes A, Bartha FA, Rost G. Risk Assessment of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreaks Outside China. J Clin Med. 2020;9. doi: 10.3390/jcm9020571. PubMed PMID: 32093043; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7073711.
  86. Washington Post [Internet]. Why outbreaks like coronavirus spread exponentially, and how to “flatten the curve”. [cited 2020 14 March]. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/world/corona-simulator/
  87. Chen X, Yu B. First two months of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic in China: real-time surveillance and evaluation with a second derivative model. Glob Health Res Policy. 2020;5:7. doi: 10.1186/s41256-020-00137-4. PubMed PMID: 32158961; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7050133.
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 9,409
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 4,871


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب