تعداد نشریات | 20 |
تعداد شمارهها | 1,149 |
تعداد مقالات | 10,518 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,415,582 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 11,291,401 |
The Relationship Between the Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences with Emotion Regulation and Cognitive Flexibility in Teenage Students | ||
International Journal of School Health | ||
مقاله 7، دوره 6، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 23، دی 2019، صفحه 41-47 اصل مقاله (333.17 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: Research Article (s) | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30476/intjsh.2019.45942 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Maryam Shahab* 1؛ Somayyeh Taklavi2 | ||
1MA of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran | ||
2PhD of Psychology, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran | ||
چکیده | ||
Background: Adolescence is a developmental period when the adverse childhood experiences have a significant impact due to the changes in the brain structure and functioning during this period. This is mainly related to cognitive and emotional functioning. Childhood treatment, relationships, and health are the key factors involved in predicting later life emotional and cognitive growth and function. Objectives: This research aimed to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences with emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in teenage students. The research method was descriptive correlational. Methods: The population of the study included all enrolled teenage students in English language institutes of Ardabil city in 2019; 135 individuals were selected as the sample of the study. The research tools were Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, and Emotional Regulation Scale. Results: The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between adverse childhood experiences with emotion regulation (r=-0.409), (P=0.001) and cognitive flexibility(r=-0.435), (P=0.001). The results of the regression analysis showed that 29.5% of emotion regulation was explained by adverse childhood experiences. Also, 50.6% of cognitive flexibility was explained by adverse childhood experiences. Conclusion: There was found a negative and significant correlation between adverse childhood experiences with emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility in teenage students. From this finding, it can be concluded that the early development period and family member treatment, relationships, and health are the key factors in predicting later life emotional and cognitive growth and function. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Childhood Experiences؛ Emotion؛ Flexibility؛ Adolescence | ||
مراجع | ||
1. Rice FP, Dolgin KG. The adolescent: Development, relationships, and culture. 10th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 2002. ## 2. Grant M, Salsman NL, Berking M. The assessment of successful emotion regulation skills use: Development and validation of an English version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire. PLoS One. 2018;13(10):e0205095. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205095. [PubMed: 30281666]. [PubMed Central: PMC6169969]. ## 3. Goleman D. Emotional intelligence : why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam Books; 1996. ## 4. Thompson RA. Emotion regulation: a theme in search of definition. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 1994;59(2-3):25-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x. [PubMed: 7984164]. ## 5. Lopes PN, Nezlek JB, Extremera N, Hertel J, Fernández-Berrocal P, Schütz A, et al. Emotion regulation and the quality of social interaction: does the ability to evaluate emotional situations and identify effective responses matter? J Pers. 2011;79(2):429-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00689.x. [PubMed: 21395594]. ## 6. Ahmed SP, Bittencourt-Hewitt A, Sebastian CL. Neurocognitive bases of emotion regulation development in adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2015;15:11-25. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.006. [PubMed: 26340451]. ## 7. Dvir Y, Ford JD, Hill M, Frazier JA. Childhood maltreatment, emotional dysregulation, and psychiatric comorbidities. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2014;22(3):149-61. doi: 10.1097/HRP.0000000000000014. [PubMed: 24704784]. [PubMed Central: PMC4091823]. ## 8. Meltzer L, Krishnan K. Executive Function Difficulties and Learning Disabilities: Understandings and Misunderstandings. In: Meltzer L, editor. Executive function in education: From theory to practice. New York: Guilford Press; 2007. p. 77-105. ## 9. Chan RC, Shum D, Toulopoulou T, Chen EY. Assessment of executive functions: review of instruments and identification of critical issues. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2008;23(2):201-16. doi: 10.1016/j.acn.2007.08.010. [PubMed: 18096360]. ## 10. Dickstein DP, Nelson EE, McCLURE EB, Grimley ME, Knopf L, Brotman MA, et al. Cognitive flexibility in phenotypes of pediatric bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(3):341-55. doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e31802d0b3d. [PubMed: 17314720]. ## 11. Bernardo ABI, Presbitero A. Cognitive flexibility and cultural intelligence: Exploring the cognitive aspects of effective functioning in culturally diverse contexts. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 2018;66:12-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2018.06.001. ## 12. Blakemore SJ, Mills KL. Is adolescence a sensitive period for sociocultural processing? Annu Rev Psychol. 2014;65:187-207. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115202. [PubMed: 24016274]. ## 13. Ji S, Wang H. A study of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, life events, and executive function among college students in China. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica. 2018;31(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s41155-018-0107-y. ## 14. Luby JL, Barch D, Whalen D, Tillman R, Belden A. Association Between Early Life Adversity and Risk for Poor Emotional and Physical Health in Adolescence: A Putative Mechanistic Neurodevelopmental Pathway. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(12):1168-75. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.3009. [PubMed: 29084329]. [PubMed Central: PMC6583637]. ## 15. Bynum L, Griffin T, Ridings DL, Wynkoop KS, Anda RF, Edwards VJ, et al. Adverse Childhood Experiences Reported by Adults - Five States, 2009. MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 2010;59(49):1609-13. ## 16. McLaughlin KA. Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2016;45(3):361-82. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2015.1110823. [PubMed: 26849071]. [PubMed Central: PMC4837019]. ## 17. Thurston H, Bell JF, Induni M. Community-level Adverse Experiences and Emotional Regulation in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018;42:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.06.008. [PubMed: 30219296]. ## 18. Treat AE, Sheffield Morris A, Williamson AC, Hays-Grudo J, Laurin D. Adverse childhood experiences, parenting, and child executive function. Early Child Development and Care. 2019;189(6):926-37. doi: 10.1080/03004430.2017.1353978. ## 19. Pechtel P, Pizzagalli DA. Effects of early life stress on cognitive and affective function: an integrated review of human literature. Psychopharmacology. 2011;214(1):55-70. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-2009-2. [PubMed: 20865251]. [PubMed Central: PMC3050094]. ## 20. Guinosso SA, Johnson SB, Riley AW. Multiple adverse experiences and child cognitive development. Pediatr Res. 2016;79(1-2):220-6. doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.195. [PubMed: 26460522]. ## 21. Bellis MA, Hughes K, Leckenby N, Jones L, Baban A, Kachaeva M, et al. Adverse childhood experiences and associations with health-harming behaviours in young adults: surveys in eight eastern European countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2014;92(9):641-55. doi: 10.2471/BLT.13.129247. [PubMed: 25378755]. [PubMed Central: PMC4208567]. ## 22. Rudd R, Seth P, David F, Scholl L. Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths - United States, 2010-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(50-51):1445–52. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm655051e1. [PubMed: 28033313]. ## 23. Murphy A, Steele M, Dube SR, Bate J, Bonuck K, Meissner P, et al. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) questionnaire and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI): implications for parent child relationships. Child Abuse Negl. 2014;38(2):224-33. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.09.004. [PubMed: 24670331]. ## 24. Wingenfeld K, Schäfer I, Terfehr K, Grabski H, Driessen M, Grabe H, et al. [The reliable, valid and economic assessment of early traumatization: first psychometric characteristics of the German version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE)]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2011;61(1):e10-4. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1263161. [PubMed: 20878600]. German. ## 25. Amiri Majd M, Kakavand S. Relationship of Abuse and Violence in Childhood with Marital Intimacy Among Discordant Couples. Quarterly Journal of Social Work. 2018;7(1):29-36. ## 26. Dennis J, Vander Wal JS. The Cognitive Flexibility Inventory: Instrument Development and Estimates of Reliability and Validity. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2010;34:241-53. doi: 10.1007/s10608-009-9276-4. ## 27. Martin MM, Anderson CM. The cognitive flexibility scale: Three validity studies. Communication Reports. 1998;11(1):1-9. doi: 10.1080/08934219809367680. ## 28. Shareh H, Farmani A, Soltani E. Investigating the Reliability and Validity of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI-I) among Iranian University Students. Practice in Clinical Psychology. 2014;2(1):43-50. ## 29. Gross JJ, John OP. Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;85(2):348-62. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348. [PubMed: 12916575]. ## 30. Hasani J. Persian Version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2016;10(3):156-61. ## 31. Harms MB, Shannon Bowen KE, Hanson JL, Pollak SD. Instrumental learning and cognitive flexibility processes are impaired in children exposed to early life stress. Dev Sci. 2018;21(4):e12596. doi: 10.1111/desc.12596. [PubMed: 29052307]. [PubMed Central: PMC5908766]. ## 32. Dereboy Ç, Şahin Demirkapı E, Şakiroğlu M, Şafak Öztürk C. [The Relationship Between Childhood Traumas, Identity Development, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology]. Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2018;29(4):269-78. [PubMed: 30887477]. Turkish. ## 33. Barch DM, Belden AC, Tillman R, Whalen D, Luby JL. Early Childhood Adverse Experiences, Inferior Frontal Gyrus Connectivity, and the Trajectory of Externalizing Psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;57(3):183-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.12.011. [PubMed: 29496127]. [PubMed Central: PMC5836492]. ## 34. Racine SE, Wildes JE. Emotion dysregulation and anorexia nervosa: an exploration of the role of childhood abuse. Int J Eat Disord. 2015;48(1):55-8. doi: 10.1002/eat.22364. [PubMed: 25358997]. [PubMed Central: PMC4404145]. ## 35. Mariotti A. The effects of chronic stress on health: new insights into the molecular mechanisms of brain–body communication. Future science OA. 2015;1(3): FSO23. doi: 10.4155/fso.15.21. ## | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,574 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,603 |