1Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
2Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
3Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
4Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
6Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
چکیده
Background: Persian Medicine is one of the oldest and richest complementary and alternative options in the field of medicine and has a comprehensive medical system. Henna oil is recommended in Persian Medicine for the treatment of numerous women’s diseases such as cervicitis. To date, henna has been used for many medical purposes, including astringent, bleeding, cardioinhibitory, hypotension, and relaxation. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide the formulation of a henna-oil-based vaginal suppository and examine its physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. Methods: The present study was approved and performed in accordance with the regulations of Research Council, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, in July 2016. Different percentages of henna oil, glycerin, and gelatin, as well as henna oil and polyethylene glycol 400 and 4000, were mixed to achieve a formulation with proper appearance features and, particularly, without any oil leakage from the suppository surface. Uniformity of weight, uniformity of content, disintegration time, and dissolution test of the suppositories were evaluated. The growth-inhibiting activity of the suppositories and aqueous extract of henna was evaluated against bacteria, including the Gram-positive bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and group B streptococcus. Results: The formulations had a smooth appearance without any cracks or fractures. Disintegration times for glycero-gelatin and polyethylene glycol suppositories were 60 and 10 min, respectively. 40% of the drug was released from polyethylene glycol suppositories after 60 min, but glycero-gelatin suppositories had no release after three hours. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of suppositories and aqueous extract were 0.4 mg/mL and 0.01 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Polyethylene glycol suppositories had acceptable physicochemical properties, and the henna extract and suppositories inhibited the three studied pathogens.
Pio I, Lavor AL, Damasceno CMD, Menezes PMN, Silva FS, Maia GLA. Traditional knowledge and uses of medicinal plants by the inhabitants of the islands of the Sao Francisco river, Brazil and preliminary analysis of Rhaphiodon echinus (Lamiaceae). Braz J Biol. 2019;79:87-99. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.177447. PubMed PMID: 29694558.
Zafarghandi N, Jafari F, Moradi F, Alizadeh F, Karimi M, Alizadeh M. Frequency of Positive Symptoms of Dystemperament in Patients with Excess Uterine Hemorrhage from the Iranian Medicine Perspective. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Infertility. 2012;15:35.
Mokabberi Nezhad R, Zafarghandi N. Etiology and semiology of amenorrhea in the traditional Iranian medicine. J Islam Iran Trad Med. 2012;3:19-30.
Aghili Shirazi S. Makhzan-ol-Advieh [Storehouse of medicaments]. Tehran: Intisharat va Amoozesh Enghelab Islami Press; 1992.
Esteki R, Miraj S. The Abortificient Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lawsonia Inermis on BALB/c Mice. Electron Physician. 2016;8:2568-75. doi: 10.19082/2568. PubMed PMID: 27504174; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4965209.
Nesa L, Munira S, Mollika S, Islam M, Choin H, Chouduri AU, et al. Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and CNS depressant activities of methanolic extract of Lawsonia inermis barks in mice. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2014;4:287-96. PubMed PMID: 25068143; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4110786.
Nayak BS, Isitor G, Davis EM, Pillai GK. The evidence based wound healing activity of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Phytother Res. 2007;21:827-31. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2181. PubMed PMID: 17533628.
Kermani MKK. Daghayegh-al-alaj, translation by Isa Zia Ebrahimi. Kerman: Saadat press; 1988.
Avicenna H. Al Qanoon Fi Al Teb. Tehran: Aligholikhan Press; 1880.
Rhazes (Razi MZ). Al-Hawi fi Tibb. Taaimi HK (ed). Beirut: Dar Ihyaa al-Turaath al-Arabi. 2002.
Baird D. Combined textbook of obstetrics and gynaecology for students and practitioners. California: Churchill Livingstone; 1969.
Aghili SMH. Gharabadin Kabir. 1st ed. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences, Institute of History of Medicine Studies and Islamic Medicine; 2009. Persian.
Krowczynsky L. Suppositories in New Medicinal Practice. Poland; 1970.
Saghafi N, Karjalian M, Ghazanfarpour M, Khorsand I, Rakhshandeh H, Mirteimouri M, et al. The effect of a vaginal suppository formulation of dill (Anethum graveolens) in comparison to clotrimazole vaginal tablet on the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;38:985-8. doi: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1432578. PubMed PMID: 29553834.
Nikakhtar Z, Hasanzadeh M, Hamedi SS, Najafi MN, Tavassoli AP, Feyzabadi Z, et al. The efficacy of vaginal suppository based on myrtle in patients with cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection: A randomized, double-blind, placebo trial. Phytother Res. 2018;32:2002-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6131. PubMed PMID: 29943384.
Parmar V, Shivhare S. Formulation, Evaluation of Clotrimazole Vaginal Suppository. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2014;6:230.
Hashmi S, Begum W, Sultana A. Efficacy of Sphaeranthus indicus and cream of Lawsonia inermis in cervical erosion with cervicitis. Eur J Integr Med. 2011;3:e183-e8. doi: 10.1016/j.eujim.2011.08.002.
Talwar GP, Raghuvanshi P, Mishra R, Banerjee U, Rattan A, Whaley KJ, et al. Polyherbal formulations with wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted pathogens. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2000;43:144-51. PubMed PMID: 10735590.
Aulton ME, Taylor KM. Aulton’s pharmaceutics: the design and manufacture of medicines: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017.
Jones BM, Bhattacharyya MN. In vitro susceptibility of Gardnerella vaginalis to high concentrations of sulfonamide compounds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1981;19:666-7. PubMed PMID: 6972733; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC181497.
Muhammad H, Muhammad S. The use of Lawsonia inermis Linn.(henna) in the management of burn wound infections. Afr J Biotechnol. 2005;4:934-7.
Kale VV, Trivedi RV, Wate SP, Bhusari KP. Development and evaluation of a suppository formulation containing Lactobacillus and its application in vaginal diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1056:359-65. doi: 10.1196/annals.1352.017. PubMed PMID: 16387701.
