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Managheb, Seyyed Esmaeil, Soveid, Mahmood, Kasaei, Mohammad. (1394). A Proposed Algorithm of Screening and Management of Lipids in Adults for Iranian Family Physicians. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 4(1), 50-53.
Seyyed Esmaeil Managheb; Mahmood Soveid; Mohammad Kasaei. "A Proposed Algorithm of Screening and Management of Lipids in Adults for Iranian Family Physicians". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 4, 1, 1394, 50-53.
Managheb, Seyyed Esmaeil, Soveid, Mahmood, Kasaei, Mohammad. (1394). 'A Proposed Algorithm of Screening and Management of Lipids in Adults for Iranian Family Physicians', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 4(1), pp. 50-53.
Managheb, Seyyed Esmaeil, Soveid, Mahmood, Kasaei, Mohammad. A Proposed Algorithm of Screening and Management of Lipids in Adults for Iranian Family Physicians. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1394; 4(1): 50-53.

A Proposed Algorithm of Screening and Management of Lipids in Adults for Iranian Family Physicians

Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System
مقاله 8، دوره 4، شماره 1، فروردین 2016، صفحه 50-53    اصل مقاله (422.28 K)
نوع مقاله: Letter to Editor
نویسندگان
Seyyed Esmaeil Managheb* 1؛ Mahmood Soveid2؛ Mohammad Kasaei3
1MD, Quality Improvement in Clinical Education Research Center, Education Development Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3M.D. Departement of cardiovascular medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to atherosclerosis is the foremost cause of premature mortality and of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in developed and developing countries (1).  The associated mortality is  preventable through treatment of dyslipidemia (2). Over half of the first CHD events and 3/4 of CHD deaths are preventable by controlling the risk factors, including diet, exercise, weight and blood pressure control; prescription of aspirin and tobacco cessation ; and lowering lipids (3). Dyslipidemia covers the broad spectrum of lipid abnormalities (4). However, elevations of the total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) have received the most attention (4). Epidemiologic data revealed that about 70 mil­lion Americans had elevated levels of LDL cholesterol between 2005 and 2008 (5). Abnormalities in lipid components are prevalent in Iran and they are more common among men in urban areas. Urbanization, unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle are the underlying reasons for the high prevalence of dyslipidemia in Iran (4). Dyslipidemias may be related to other diseases (secondary dyslipidemias); therefore, secondary causes of abnormal lipid levels should be considered first and treated when appropriate (6).The primary target in treating dyslipidemia has been and will probably continue to be LDL cholesterol because it is the most atherogenic lipoprotein which correlates more closely than other lipids with CHD (7). Statin therapy is likely to continue to be emphasized because they are the most effective lipid-lowering agents for reducing LDL cholesterol concentrations, and their efficacy for lowering the risk for cardiovascular events has been proven (8). Every 1.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) reduction in LDL-C is associated with a corresponding 22% reduction in CVD mortality and morbidity (9). Patients with an elevated LDL-cholesterol level should begin the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes program as well as an individualized program of regular exercise. Lifestyle modifications include diet, aerobic exercise, weight control, smoking cessation, evaluation of alcohol consumption; and a nutritional supplement containing sitostanol ester, a saturated derivative of plants’ seed oil (6). Diet and exercise are the cornerstones of treatment for asymptomatic patients with dyslipidemia (6). Smoking cessation reduces coronary event rate by about 50% within one to two years of stopping. Among the benefits of smoking cessation is a 5-10% increase in HDL-C (3). Clinicians should initiate statin therapy regardless of LDL, in patients with established ASCVD.  Statins are the drugs of choice for lowering LDL-cholesterol, and aggressive treatment with statins should be pursued (6). Large scale clinical event trials include lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin (3). Statin Dose Intensity is shown in Table 1 (3).
مراجع
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  3. Anderson TJ, Gregoire J, Hegele RA, Couture P, Mancini J, McPherson R, et al. 2012 Update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemia for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in the Adult. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2013; 29: 151-67.
  4. Fan LA, Fenske JN, Harrison RV, Jackson EA, Marcelino MA. Screening and Management of Lipids. Guidelines for Clinical Care Ambulatory. UMHS Lipid Therapy Guideline 2014: 1-20. Available: www.med.umich.edu/.../lipids/lipidsupdate.pdf
  5. Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Qorbani M, Samavat T, Sharifi F, Larijani B, Fakhrzadeh H. Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5(4): 373–93.
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: prevalence, treatment, and control of high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol--United States, 1999-2002 and 2005-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2011; 60(4): 109-14.
  7. Woolley T, Canoniero M, Conroy W, Fareed M, Groen S, Helmrick K, et al. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Lipid Management in Adults. Updated November 2013. www.icsi.org
  8. -Mcbride P, Neil J, Stone NJ, Blum CB. Yes: Implementing the New ACC/AHA Cholesterol Guideline Will Improve Cardiovascular Outcomes. Am Fam Physician 2014; 90(4): 213-16.
  9. -Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, Brewer HB, Clark LT, Hunninghake DB, et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart AssociaÂ‌tion. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004; 110: 227-39.
  10. -Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670-81.
  11. -Reiner Z, Sonicki Z, Tedeschi-Reiner E. Physicians’ perception, knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular risk factors and adherence to prevention guidelines: the PERCRO-DOC survey. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213: 598-603.
  12. -Morrell J, Wierzbicki T. 10 Steps before you refer for: Lipids. Br J Cardiol 2009; 16: 242-5.
  13. -Turner T, Misso M, Harris C, Green S. Development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs): comparing approaches. Implementation Science 2008; 3: 45. http://www.implementationscience.com/content/3/1/45
  14. -Managheb SE, Shams M, Soveid M, Imanieh MH, Moghadami M. Screening Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Guide for Family Physicians. J Health Sci Surveillance Sys 2015; 3(3): 125-7.
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