Background: Although sleeping problems are common among all age groups, the elderly suffer a higher prevalence of sleep disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, self-efficacy, and stages of change among the elderly. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 36 individuals aged 60-75 years selected through simple random sampling in 2013. The data were collected using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and self-made structured questionnaires, including sleep self efficacy scale and stages of sleep behavior change scale. SPSS statistical software, version 19 was used to analyze the data and descriptive and inferential statistics such as independent samples t-test were used. Results: The results of the present study revealed that the mean of sleep quality was 7.91 (SD=4.99). In addition, most of the subjects (69%) had poor sleep quality. Considering the stages of change, the participants were in different stages of sleep behavior change. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between self-efficacy and PSQI total score (P<0.001). Also, significant relationships were observed between self-efficacy and the variables of stages of change (P<0.05), except for the average night sleep. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that most of the elderly had poor sleep quality. Besides, they were in different stages of change in sleep problems. The results also indicated that self-efficacy affected the sleep quality in the elderly. Therefore, measures should be taken based on stages of change and increased self-efficacy to improve sleep quality among the elderly. |
- Barsam T, Monazzam MR, Haghdoost AA, Ghotbi
- MR, Dehghan SF. Effect of extremely low frequency
- electromagnetic field exposure on sleep quality in high
- voltage substations. Iranian Journal of Environmental
- Health Science & Engineering. 2012; 9(1): 1-7.
- de Castro Toledo Guimaraes LH, de Carvalho LBC,
- Yanaguibashi G, do Prado GF. Physically active elderly
- women sleep more and better than sedentary women.
- Sleep Medicine 2008; 9(5): 488-93.
- Harrington JJ, Avidan AY. Treatment of sleep disorders
- in elderly patients. Current treatment options in
- neurology 2005; 7(5): 339-52.
- Vitiello MV. Effective treatment of sleep disturbances
- in older adults. Clinical cornerstone 2000; 2(5): 16-24.
- Foley DJ, Monjan AA, Brown SL, Simonsick EM. Sleep
- complaints among elderly persons: an epidemiologic
- study of three communities. Sleep: Journal of Sleep
- Research & Sleep Medicine. 1995.
- Bazargan M. Self-reported sleep disturbance among
- African-American elderly: the effects of depression,
- health status, exercise, and social support. The
- International Journal of Aging and Human Development
- ; 42(2): 143-60.
- Vitiello MV, Larsen LH, Moe KE. Age-related sleep
- change: gender and estrogen effects on the subjectiveâ
- objective sleep quality relationships of healthy,
- noncomplaining older men and women. Journal of
- psychosomatic research 2004; 56(5): 503-10.
- Prochaska JO, WF. V. The Transtheoretical Model of
- Health Behavior Change. American Journal of Health
- Promotion 1997; 12(1): 38-48.
- Moradi M, Heydarnia A, Babaei G, R, Jahangiri M.
- Stage-based interventions for drug abuse prevention
- among petrochemical workers in assaluyeh. Medical
- Science Journal of Islamic Azad Univesity Tehran
- Medical Branch 2010; 19(4): 246-55.
- Lach HW, Everard KM, Highstein G, CA. B.
- Application of the transtheoretical model to health
- education for older adults. Health Promotion Practice
- ; 5(1): 88-93.
- Ko PC, Duda B, Hussey E, Mason E, Molitor RJ,
- Woodman GF, et al. Understanding age-related
- reductions in visual working memory capacity:
- Examining the stages of change detection. Atten
- Percept Psychophys 2014: 1-16.
- Hoke MM, Timmerman GM. Transtheoretical model:
- potential usefulness with overweight rural Mexican
- American women. Hispanic Health Care International
- ; 9(1): 41-9.
- Cain N, Gradisar M, Moseley L. A motivational schoolbased
- intervention for adolescent sleep problems. Sleep
- medicine 2011; 12(3): 246-51.
- Moseley L, Gradisar M. Evaluation of a school-based
- intervention for adolescent sleep problems. Sleep 2009;
- (3): 334.
- Bandura A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic
- perspective. Annual review of psychology 2001; 52(1):
- -26.
- Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health behavior and health education: theory, research, and practice:
- John Wiley & Sons; 2008.
- Weaver TE, Maislin G, Dinges DF, Younger J, Cantor
- C, McCloskey S, et al. Self-efficacy in sleep apnea:
- instrument development and patient perceptions of
- obstructive sleep apnea risk, treatment benefit, and
- volition to use continuous positive airway pressure.
- Sleep-New York Then Westchester 2003; 26(6): 727-34.
- Nazifi M, Mokarami H, Akbaritabar A, Kalte HO, Rahi
- A. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Translation
- of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. 2014.
- Tavallaie S, Assari S, Najafi M, Habibi M, Ghanei
- M. Study of sleep quality in chemical-warfare-agents
- exposed veterans. MilMed Journal 2005; 6(4): 241-8.
- Ahmadi S, Mohammadi F, Fallahi M, Reza Soltani P.
- The effect of sleep restriction treatment on quality of
- sleep in the elders. Iranian Journal of Ageing 2010;
- (2): 0-0.
- Torabi S, Shahriari L, Zahedi R, Rahmanian S,
- Rahmanian K. A survey the prevalence of sleep
- disorders and their management in the elderly in Jahrom
- City, 2008. Journal of Jahrom University of Medical
- Sciences 2013; 10(4): 31.
- Lo C, Lee PH. Prevalence and impacts of poor sleep on
- quality of life and associated factors of good sleepers
- in a sample of older Chinese adults. Health Qual Life
- Outcomes 2012; 10: 72.
- Rahmaninia F, Mohebi H, Saberian Boroujeni MGH.
- The Effect of Walking on Quality, Quantity and Some
- Physiological Parameters Related to Sleep in Old Men.
- Sport Biosciences (HARAKAT) 2010; 3(111): 12.
- Mahmoudabad SSM, Mohammadi M, Sharifabad
- MAM. Exercise and Its Relation to Self Efficacy Based
- on Stages of Change Model in Employees of Yazd in
- Journal of Kerman university of medical sciences
- ; 17(4): 346-54.
|