| Background and Objectives: Activated carbon is an adsorbent which is mostly employed in order to remove dye from aqueous solutions; however, commercial activated carbon is expensive and this is considered as an obstacle for its usage. Therefore, the present study aimed to use waste paper as an inexpensive precursor to produce activated carbon. Materials and Methods: In the present study, KOH was used for the chemical activation process; in order to prevent the precursor oxidation during the carbonization process, a completely sealed furnace was used. In order to determine the characteristics of the prepared activated carbon texture, N2 gas adsorption and BET isotherm were used. Moreover, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models as well as Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were used to determine the characteristics of Methylene Blue adsorption on the prepared adsorbent. Results: According to the results, SBET and VTOTAL were 66.01m2/g and 0.063cc/g, respectively. Ferudlich and pseudo-second order models were the best isotherm and kinetic models for prediction of the Methylene Blue adsorption on the produced adsorbent. Furthermore, the qmax constant from the Langmuir model was obtained as 68.03 mg/g. Conclusion: In comparison to other studies, the produced activated carbon in the present study had a desirable surface area and adsorptive capacity for methylene blue adsorption in aquatic environments. Moreover, it seems that preparing activated carbon from waste newspaper is inexpensive, effective, and environment friendly. |
- Robinson T, McMullan G, Marchant R,
- Nigam P. Remediation of dyes in textiles
- efïuent: a critical review on current treatment
- technologies with a proposed alternative.
- Biresour Technol, 2001; 77: 247â55.
- Gupta VK, Suhas. Application of low-cost
- adsorbents for dye removal â A review. J
- Environ Manage. 2009; 90(8): 2313-42.
- El Qada EN, Allen SJ, Walker GM. Adsorption
- of Methylene Blue onto activated carbon
- produced from steam activated bituminous coal:
- A study of equilibrium adsorption isotherm.
- Chem. Eng. J. 2006; 124(1-3): 103-10.
- Yang J, Qiu K. Preparation of activated
- carbons from walnut shells via vacuum
- chemical activation and their application for
- methylene blue removal. Chem Eng J. 2010;
- (1): 209-17.
- Okada K, Yamamoto N, Kameshima Y,
- Yasumori A. Porous properties of activated
- carbons from waste newspaper prepared by
- chemical and physical activation. J Colloid
- Interface Sci. 2003; 262: 179â93.
- Altenor S, Carene B, Emmanuel E, Lambert
- J, Ehrhardt JJ, Gaspard S. Adsorption studies
- of methylene blue and phenol onto vetiver
- roots activated carbon prepared by chemical
- activation. J Hazard Mater. 2009;165(1-3):
- -39.
- Haimour NM, Emeish S. Utilization of date
- stones for production of activated carbon
- using phosphoric acid. Waste Manage. 2006;
- : 651â60.
- Hasar H. Adsorption of nickel(II) from aqueous
- solution onto activated carbon prepared
- from almond husk. J Hazard Mater. 2003;
- : 49â57.
- Rahman IA, Saad B, Shaidan S, Sya Rizal ES.
- Adsorption characteristics of malachite green
- on activated carbon derived from rice husks
- produced by chemicalâthermal process.
- Bioresour Technol. 2005;96(14): 1578-83.
- Amri N, Zakaria R, Zailani Abu Bakar M.
- Adsorption of Phenol Using Activated Carbon
- Adsorbent from Waste Tyres. Pertanika J Sci
- & Technol. 2009;17(2): 371 â80.
- Wu CH, Chang CY, Tseng CH, Lin JP. Pyrolysis
- product distribution of waste newspaper in
- MSW. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2003;67: 41-53.
- Nabizadeh R, Heidari M, Hasanvand M.S.
- Municipal solid waste analysis in Iran. Iran J
- Health & Environ. 2008;1: 9-18.
- Filho GR, Monteiro DS, Meireles
- CS, Assunção, RMN. Synthesis and
- characterization of cellulose acetate produced
- from recycled newspaper. Carbohydr Polym.
- ;73: 74-82.
- Chakravarty S, Bhattacharjee S, Gupta KK,
- Singh M, Chaturvedi HT, Maity S. Adsorption
- of zinc from aqueous solution using chemically
- treated newspaper pulp. Bioresour Technol.
- ;98: 3136-41.
- Demirbas A. Agricultural based activated carbons
- for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions,
- A review. J Hazard Mater. 2009;167: 1-9.
- Bandosz T. Activated Carbon Surfaces in
- Environmental Remediation. 1th ed. New
- York, USA, 2006.
- Alagumuthu, G, Veeraputhiran V,
- Venkataraman R. Adsorption Isotherms on
- Fluoride Removal: Batch Techniques. Arch
- Appl Sci Res. 2010;4(2): 170-85.
- Kalyani G, Babu Rao G, Vijaya Saradhi B.
- Equilibrium and kinetic studies on biosorption
- of zinc onto gallus domesticus shell powder.
- ARPN J Eng Appl Sci. 2009;4(1): 39-49.
- Gupta VK, Mittal A, Gajbe V. Adsorption
- and desorption studies of a water soluble
- dye, Quinoline Yellow, using waste. J Colloid
- Interface Sci. 2005; 284: 89-98.
- Rodrigues LA, Da Silva MLCP, Alvarez-
- Mendes MO, Coutinho AR, Thim, GP. Phenol
- removal from aqueous solution by activated
- carbon produced from avocado kernel seeds.
- Chem Eng J. 2011;174(1):49-57.
- Perez N, Sanchez M, Rincon G. Study of
- the behavior of metat adsorption in asid
- solutions on lignin using a comparison of
- different adsorption isotherms. Lat Am Appl
- Res. 2007;37: 157-62.
- Raposo F, De La Rubia MA, Borja R.
- Methylene blue number as useful indicator
- to evaluate the adsorptive capacity of granular
- activated carbon in batch mode: Influence of
- adsorbate/adsorbent mass ratio and particle
- size. J Hazard Mater. 2009;165(1-3): 291-99.
- Dubinin MM. The potential theory of adsorption
- of gases and vapors for adsorbents with
- energetically non-uniform surface. Chem Re.
- ;60: 235-66.
- Hameed B, Din A, Ahmad A. Adsorption of
- methylene blue onto bamboo-based activated
- carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium studies. J
- Hazard Mater. 2007;141(3): 819-25.
- Han R, Wang Y, Han P, Shi J, Yang J, Lu Y.
- Removal of methylene blue from aqueous
- solution by chaff in batch mode. J Hazard
- Mater. 2006;137(1): 550-57.
- Shokrollahi A, Alizadeh A, Malekhosseini Z,
- Ranjbar M. Removal of Bromocresol Green
- from Aqueous Solution via Adsorption
- onZiziphus nummulariaas a New, Natural,
- Baghapour MA, Djahed B, Ranjbar M
- J Health Sci Surveillance Sys July 2013; Vol 1; No 1
- and Low-Cost Adsorbent: Kinetic and
- Thermodynamic Study of Removal Process.
- J Chem Eng Data. 2011;56(10): 3738-46.
- Chen H, Zhao J, Dai G. Silkworm exuviae-A
- new non-conventional and low-cost adsorbent
- for removal of methylene blue from aqueous
- solutions. J Hazard Mater. 2011;186(2-3):
- -27.
- Karagoz S, Tay T, Ucar S, Erdem M. Activated
- carbons from waste biomass by sulfuric acid
- activation and their use on methylene blue
- adsorption. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99(14):
- -22.
- Aygün A, Yenisoy-KarakaŠS, Duman I.
- Production of granular activated carbon from
- fruit stones and nutshells and evaluation
- of their physical, chemical and adsorption
- properties. Microporous Mesoporous Mater.
- ;66(2â3): 189-95.
- Otero M, Rozada F, Calvo L.F, Garcia AI,
- Moran A. Kinetic and equilibrium modelling of
- the methylene blue removal from solution by
- adsorbent materials produced from sewage
- sludges. Bioche Eng J. 2003;15: 59-68.
- Renugadevi N, Sangeetha R, Lalitha P.
- Kinetics of the adsorption of methylene
- blue from an industrial dyeing effluent onto
- activated carbon prepared from the fruits
- of Mimusops Elengi. Arch Appl Sci Res.
- ;3(3): 492-98.
- Abechi ES, Gimba .E, Uzairu A, Kagbu JA.
- Kinetics of adsorption of methylene blue onto
- activated carbon prepared from palm kernel
- shell. Arch Appl Sci Res. 2011;3(1): 154-64.
|
