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Lone, Showkat, Wani, Khalid Rahim, Ashraf, Aaqib. (1405). Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 15(2), 103-114. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324
Showkat Bashir Lone; Khalid Rahim Wani; Aaqib Ashraf. "Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 15, 2, 1405, 103-114. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324
Lone, Showkat, Wani, Khalid Rahim, Ashraf, Aaqib. (1405). 'Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 15(2), pp. 103-114. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324
Lone, Showkat, Wani, Khalid Rahim, Ashraf, Aaqib. Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1405; 15(2): 103-114. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324

Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care

Journal of Research on History of Medicine
دوره 15، شماره 2، مرداد 2026، صفحه 103-114    اصل مقاله (1.08 M)
نوع مقاله: Original Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324
نویسندگان
Showkat Bashir Lone* 1؛ Khalid Rahim Wani2؛ Aaqib Ashraf3
1Assistant Professor, Deptartment of Jarahat (Surgery), Kashmir Tibia College Hospital and Research Centre, Shilvath, J&K, India
2Assistant Professor, Deptartment of IBT, Kashmir Tibia College Hospital and Research Centre, Shilvath, J&K, India
3Deptartment of Moalijat (Medicine), Kashmir Tibia College Hospital and Research Centre, Shilvath, J&K, India
چکیده
Unani/Persian medicine, originating from Greco-Arabic traditions, is a time-honoured holistic medical system that integrates philosophical, empirical, and ethical principles, its foundation lying in the Hippocratic-Galenic theories later enriched by Islamic scholars such as Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Razi, and others; the system emphasizes the balance of humours, temperament (mizāj), lifestyle (asbāb-e-sitta zarūriyya), and ethical responsibility. This review aims to systematically explore the historical evolution, philosophical doctrines, diagnostic paradigms, and therapeutic modalities of Unani/Persian medicine, assessing its scientific contributions and relevance in modern integrative healthcare. A narrative literature review was conducted using historical texts, classical treatises (e.g., Canon of Medicine, Kitāb al-Hāwī), peer-reviewed scientific publications, and regulatory documents from WHO, AYUSH, and traditional medicine councils, with sources selected for their relevance to historical, philosophical, and clinical dimensions of Unani/Persian medicine. The results show that Unani/Persian medicine is based on a unique epistemological framework incorporating the theory of four humours (akhlāṭ), temperament classification (mizāj), and the role of tabiʿat (vis medicatrix naturae) in self-healing; historical milestones include translation movements during the Abbasid Caliphate, institutionalization in the Mughal era, colonial suppression, and post-independence revival through governmental support, while the system presently faces challenges in research validation, standardization, and international integration. In conclusion, the historical continuity and philosophical coherence of Unani/Persian medicine affirm its potential in contemporary integrative and preventive healthcare; with evidence-based research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and preservation of epistemological integrity, Unani medicine can contribute meaningfully to global health discourse.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Unani/Persian Medicine؛ Mizāj؛ Humoral Theory؛ Greco-Arabic Tradition؛ Traditional Medicine؛ Integrative Healthcare؛ Global Health؛ Temperament
مراجع
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