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Lone, Showkat, Wani, Khalid Rahim, Ashraf, Aaqib. (1405). Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), -. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324
Showkat Bashir Lone; Khalid Rahim Wani; Aaqib Ashraf. "Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, , , 1405, -. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324
Lone, Showkat, Wani, Khalid Rahim, Ashraf, Aaqib. (1405). 'Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), pp. -. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324
Lone, Showkat, Wani, Khalid Rahim, Ashraf, Aaqib. Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1405; (): -. doi: 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324

Unani/Persian Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Historical Evolution, Philosophical Foundation, and its Legacy in Global Health Care

Journal of Research on History of Medicine
مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 11 مرداد 1405    اصل مقاله (1.07 M)
نوع مقاله: Original Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30476/rhm.2026.107204.1324
نویسندگان
Showkat Bashir Lone* 1؛ Khalid Rahim Wani2؛ Aaqib Ashraf3
1Assistant Professor, Deptartment of Jarahat (Surgery), Kashmir Tibia College Hospital and Research Centre, Shilvath, J&K, India
2Assistant Professor, Deptartment of IBT, Kashmir Tibia College Hospital and Research Centre, Shilvath, J&K, India
3Deptartment of Moalijat (Medicine), Kashmir Tibia College Hospital and Research Centre, Shilvath, J&K, India
چکیده
Unani/Persian medicine, originating from Greco-Arabic traditions, is a time-honoured holistic medical system that integrates philosophical, empirical, and ethical principles, its foundation lying in the Hippocratic-Galenic theories later enriched by Islamic scholars such as Avicenna (Ibn Sina), Razi, and others; the system emphasizes the balance of humours, temperament (mizāj), lifestyle (asbāb-e-sitta zarūriyya), and ethical responsibility. This review aims to systematically explore the historical evolution, philosophical doctrines, diagnostic paradigms, and therapeutic modalities of Unani/Persian medicine, assessing its scientific contributions and relevance in modern integrative healthcare. A narrative literature review was conducted using historical texts, classical treatises (e.g., Canon of Medicine, Kitāb al-Hāwī), peer-reviewed scientific publications, and regulatory documents from WHO, AYUSH, and traditional medicine councils, with sources selected for their relevance to historical, philosophical, and clinical dimensions of Unani/Persian medicine. The results show that Unani/Persian medicine is based on a unique epistemological framework incorporating the theory of four humours (akhlāṭ), temperament classification (mizāj), and the role of tabiʿat (vis medicatrix naturae) in self-healing; historical milestones include translation movements during the Abbasid Caliphate, institutionalization in the Mughal era, colonial suppression, and post-independence revival through governmental support, while the system presently faces challenges in research validation, standardization, and international integration. In conclusion, the historical continuity and philosophical coherence of Unani/Persian medicine affirm its potential in contemporary integrative and preventive healthcare; with evidence-based research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and preservation of epistemological integrity, Unani medicine can contribute meaningfully to global health discourse.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Unani/Persian Medicine؛ Mizāj؛ Humoral Theory؛ Greco-Arabic Tradition؛ Traditional Medicine؛ Integrative Healthcare؛ Global Health؛ Temperament
مراجع
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