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Amiri Ardekani, Ehsan, Parvizi, Mohammad Mahdi, Zare, Roghaye, Mosaffa Jahromi, Maryam, Rampp, Thomas, Pasalar, Mehdi. (1404). Exploring the Adverse Effects of Fenugreek in Humans: A Scoping Review. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), -. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2025.106073.4017
Ehsan Amiri Ardekani; Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi; Roghaye Zare; Maryam Mosaffa Jahromi; Thomas Rampp; Mehdi Pasalar. "Exploring the Adverse Effects of Fenugreek in Humans: A Scoping Review". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, , , 1404, -. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2025.106073.4017
Amiri Ardekani, Ehsan, Parvizi, Mohammad Mahdi, Zare, Roghaye, Mosaffa Jahromi, Maryam, Rampp, Thomas, Pasalar, Mehdi. (1404). 'Exploring the Adverse Effects of Fenugreek in Humans: A Scoping Review', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), pp. -. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2025.106073.4017
Amiri Ardekani, Ehsan, Parvizi, Mohammad Mahdi, Zare, Roghaye, Mosaffa Jahromi, Maryam, Rampp, Thomas, Pasalar, Mehdi. Exploring the Adverse Effects of Fenugreek in Humans: A Scoping Review. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; (): -. doi: 10.30476/ijms.2025.106073.4017

Exploring the Adverse Effects of Fenugreek in Humans: A Scoping Review

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 09 دی 1404    اصل مقاله (848.14 K)
نوع مقاله: Review Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30476/ijms.2025.106073.4017
نویسندگان
Ehsan Amiri Ardekani1؛ Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi* 2، 3، 4، 5؛ Roghaye Zare6؛ Maryam Mosaffa Jahromi3؛ Thomas Rampp7؛ Mehdi Pasalar3
1Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
2Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
4Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5Department of Medical Journalism, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
6Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran
7Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
چکیده
Background: Trigonella foenum-graecum, commonly known as fenugreek, is used both as a spice and a medicinal herb. While numerous studies investigated its therapeutic effects, this scoping review aimed to explore the reported adverse effects associated with fenugreek consumption in humans. 
Methods: A systematic search of several scientific databases was conducted, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed/PMC-MEDLINE, Scopus, and Science Direct, from January 1990 to September 2024. The search utilized keywords such as “Fenugreek”, “Adverse Effects”, “Clinical Trial”, and “Case Report”, or “Case Series”. References of retrieved articles were also screened.
Results: The review included 60 articles. Of these, 14 clinical trials reported adverse effects, 23 reported none, and 13 did not provide information on adverse effects. Additionally, 10 case reports or case series (reported in eight articles) detailed allergic reactions or hypersensitivity signs and symptoms. The most common adverse effect was mild gastrointestinal discomfort following oral consumption. Other reported effects included hypoglycemia, potential hypokalemia, allergic reactions, a maple syrup odor in the urine, sweat, or skin of infants and mothers, and interactions with certain medications. 
Conclusion: Fenugreek is generally considered safe, with most reported side effects being mild and self-limiting. No fatalities have been attributed to its use. This evidence might be valuable for both the general public and healthcare professionals.

تازه های تحقیق

Ehsan Amiri Ardekani (Google Scholar)
Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi (Google Scholar)

کلیدواژه‌ها
Trigonella؛ Spice؛ Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions؛ Clinical trial؛ Persian medicine
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