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Janatolmakan, Maryam, Lashkari, Marziyeh, H lehto, Rebecca, Negarandeh, Reza. (1404). Factors Associated with Delays in Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14(1), 22-42. doi: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2025.104511.2632
Maryam Janatolmakan; Marziyeh Lashkari; Rebecca H lehto; Reza Negarandeh. "Factors Associated with Delays in Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14, 1, 1404, 22-42. doi: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2025.104511.2632
Janatolmakan, Maryam, Lashkari, Marziyeh, H lehto, Rebecca, Negarandeh, Reza. (1404). 'Factors Associated with Delays in Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14(1), pp. 22-42. doi: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2025.104511.2632
Janatolmakan, Maryam, Lashkari, Marziyeh, H lehto, Rebecca, Negarandeh, Reza. Factors Associated with Delays in Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; 14(1): 22-42. doi: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2025.104511.2632

Factors Associated with Delays in Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scoping Review

International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery
مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 53، فروردین 2026، صفحه 22-42    اصل مقاله (967.01 K)
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.30476/ijcbnm.2025.104511.2632
نویسندگان
Maryam Janatolmakan1، 2؛ Marziyeh Lashkari3؛ Rebecca H lehto4؛ Reza Negarandeh* 5
1Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
2Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;
3Radiation Oncology Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
4Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA;
5Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده
Background: Delayed breast cancer diagnosis in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) reduces the survival rates. This review identifies the causes of these delays to inform strategies for improving early detection.
Methods: This scoping review followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework to explore the factors contributing to delayed breast cancer diagnosis in LMICs. Seven databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Embase, and Magiran, were searched for English and Persian studies published between January 2000 and September 2024. The search combined the keywords (e.g., “diagnostic delay,” “missed diagnosis,” “breast cancer,” “late-stage,” “barriers”), using Boolean operators. To focus on LMICs, we applied country filters, where available, and supplemented the search with manual screening of reference lists from the included studies.
Results: The initial database search identified 5,313 records. After removing 1,036 duplicates, 4,277 studies were screened based on title, abstract, and country of origin. Of these, 4,217 were excluded for reasons including irrelevance to delayed breast cancer diagnosis, study design, population, setting (e.g., high-income countries), or publication date (outside 2000–2024). The remaining 60 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. Extracted data were organized and interpreted using the revised Penchansky framework (accessibility, availability, acceptability, affordability, accommodation, awareness). Additional themes included misdiagnosis, competing priorities, and personal factors.
Conclusions: Multiple modifiable factors contribute to diagnostic delays in LMICs. Addressing them can accelerate diagnosis, improve outcomes, and reduce harm. Targeted improvements in these areas offer significant potential to enhance breast cancer care and save lives in LMICs.

تازه های تحقیق

Maryam Janatolmakan  (PubMed)

Reza Negarandeh (Google Scholar) (PubMed)

کلیدواژه‌ها
Breast cancer؛ Late diagnosis؛ Lower-Middle-Income Countries؛ Scoping review
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
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