Background: Information literacy is essential for teachers, enabling them to effectively access, evaluate, and use information in teaching. This study investigated the relationship between information literacy and job performance among primary school teachers in Naqhadeh city, Iran. Methods: The study employed a correlational design using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This study aimed to examine the relationship between information literacy and job performance of primary school teachers during the academic year 2021-2022. The target population consisted of all primary school teachers in Naqhadeh, Iran. From a total of 512 teachers, the sample size was determined to be 230 using Krejcie and Morgan’s table with simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used, adapted from Chang’s information literacy scale and Patterson’s job performance scale. The questionnaire included 29 items measuring four dimensions: information perception, information selection, information evaluation, and information utilization. Items were scored on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). Content validity was established by reviewing relevant literature and obtaining feedback from experts. The questionnaire’s reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which was above 0.7 for all the variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and SEM with Smart PLS 3.2.8 software. Results: The results showed that there were significant positive relationships between information perception and job performance (r=0.84, P<0.001), information selection and job performance (r=0.15, P<0.001), and information evaluation and job performance (r=0.09, P<0.01). However, there was no significant relationship between information utilization and job performance (r=-0.02, P>0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that information literacy skills are positively associated with teachers’ job performance. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers’ information literacy skills be enhanced through training programs and workshops. |
- Schement JR. Tendencies and tensions of the information age: production and distribution of information in the United States. UK: Routledge; 2018.
- Webster F. Theories of the information society. UK: Routledge; 2014.
- Černý M. Searching for a definition of information literacy as a socially cohesive component of community: a complementarity of experts and student approach. Soc Sci. 2022;11(6):235. doi: 10.3390/socsci11060235.
- Alvarez León LF. Architectures of the information age. J Cult Econ. 2017;10(2):217-22. doi: 10.1080/17530350.2016.1242432.
- Mohammadi Zeitouni B. The impact of information and communication technology on improving human performance (case study: Asian insurance company). J Dev Capital. 2020;5(1):93-109. doi: 10.22103/jdc.2019.12585.1053.
- Mahmoodi F, Mola S. Assessing the attainment of 21st century basic skills by engineering students of Tabriz University. Iran J Eng Educ. 2016;18(69):19-38. doi: 10.22047/ijee.2016.14757.
- Lukinskiy V, Lukinskiy V, Ivanov D, Sokolov B, Bazhina D. A probabilistic approach to information management of order fulfilment reliability with the help of perfect-order analytics. Int J Inf Manag. 2023 Jan;68:102567. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102567.
- Khademizadeh S, Faraj Pahloo A, Badenorouz M. Information literacy framework 2016 in assessing information literacy of graduate students (case study: students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz). Libr Inf Sci. 2020;10(1):185-204. doi: 10.22067/RIIS.V0I0.81781.
- Amiri J, Zabolizadeh A, Karami Nomivandi S. Solutions for Increasing Teachers' Media and Information Literacy. Media Stud. 2020;14(46):21-7. [In Persian]
- Khaleghi N, Siamak M, Khansari J. Information literacy skills training. Qom: Qom University Press; 2013.
- Information for All Program. 2008. Available from: UNESCO.org.
- Allen E, Seaman J. Going the distance: online education in the United States, 2011. Babson Survey Research Group; 2011.
- Li LY, Chen GD, Yang SJ. Construction of cognitive maps to improve e-book reading and navigation. Comput Educ. 2013;60(1):32-9. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.07.010.
- Grizzle A, Calvo MCT. Media and information literacy policy and strategy guidelines. Paris (France): UNESCO; 2013.
- Gregory L, Higgins S. Critical information literacy in practice: a bibliographic review essay of critical information literacy, critical library pedagogy handbook, and critical literacy for information professionals. Commun Inf Lit. 2017;11(2):10. doi: 10.15760/comminfolit.2017.11.2.10.
- Feng L, Jih-Lian HA. Effects of teachers’ information literacy on lifelong learning and school effectiveness. Eurasia J Math Sci Technol Educ. 2016;12(6):1653-63. doi: 10.12973/eurasia.2016.1575a. PubMed PMID: 27965554; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5146985.
- Feast V. Integration of information literacy skills into business courses. Ref Serv Rev. 2003;31(1):87-95. doi: 10.1108/00907320310462150. PubMed PMID: 12702453.
- Laverty C, Reed B. Inspired teachers: providing a classroom context for information literacy theory and practice. Chicago (IL): Association of College and Research Libraries; 2006.
- Coşkun YD, Demirel M. Lifelong learning tendency scale: the study of validity and reliability. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2010;5:2343-50. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.461.
- Kark R, Van Dijk D, Vashdi DR. Motivated or demotivated to be creative: the role of self-regulatory focus in transformational and transactional leadership processes. Appl Psychol. 2018;67(2):186-224. doi: 10.1111/apps.12122. PubMed PMID: 29702954.
- Solmaz DY. Relationship between lifelong learning levels and information literacy skills in teacher candidates. Univers J Educ Res. 2017;5(6):939-46. doi: 10.13189/ujer.2017.050605.
- Naveed MA, Iqbal J, Asghar MZ, Shaukat R, Seitamaa-Hakkarainen P. Information literacy as a predictor of work performance: the mediating role of lifelong learning and creativity. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Jan 12;13(1):24. doi: 10.3390/bs13010024. PubMed PMID: 36646303; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9854777.
- Xu A, Chen G. A study on the effects of teachers’ information literacy on information technology integrated instruction and teaching effectiveness. Eurasia J Math Sci Technol Educ. 2016;12(2):335-46. doi: 10.12973/eurasia.2016.1222a.
- Rahimi H, Yazdkhasti A, Feizi Z. Status of information literacy among normal and smart school teachers in Kashan. Inf Syst Serv. 2014;2(2):91-102.
- Alinejad M, Sarmadi MR, Zandi B, Shobiri M. The level of information literacy and its role in the process of teaching students e-learning. Inf Res Public Libr. 2011;17(2):337-71.
- Nunnally JC. Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1978.
- Vinzi VE, Chin WW, Henseler J, Wang H, editors. Handbook of partial least squares. Berlin: Springer; 2010.
- Bineshian B, Zarahsaz M, Mohammad HN. The role of information literacy in taking advantage of various teaching approaches for primary school teachers. Libr Inf Sci. 2020;10(1):223-50. doi: 10.22067/RIIS.V0I0.80586.
- Black W, Babin BJ. Multivariate data analysis: its approach, evolution, and impact. In: Hair JF Jr, editor. The great facilitator: reflections on the contributions of Joseph F. Hair, Jr. to marketing and business research. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2019. p. 121-30.
- Zandi G, Shakhim FR, Mohamed Z, Alshargawi AS. Comparison between the conventional partial least squares (PLS) and the robust partial least squares (RPLS-SEM) through Winsorization approach. J Inf Technol Manag. 2022;14(4):87-94. doi: 10.22059/JITM.2022.88291.
- Mohammadi F, Mahmoodi F. Factors affecting acceptance and use of educational wikis: using technology acceptance model (3). Interdiscip J Virtual Learn Med Sci. 2019;10(1):5-9. doi: 10.5812/ijvlms.87484.
- Abbaszadeh M, Amani Sari Begloo J, Khezri Azar H, Pashou G. Introduction to structural equation modeling by PLS method and its application in behavioral sciences. Urmia: Urmia University Press; 2012. [In Persian]
- Davari A, Rezazade A. Structural equation modeling with PLS software. Tehran: University Jahad; 2013.
- Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equations models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Mark Res. 1981;18(1):39-50. doi: 10.1177/002224378101800104.
- Dijkstra TK, Henseler J. Consistent and asymptotically normal PLS estimators for linear structural equations. Comput Stat Data Anal. 2015;81:10-23. doi: 10.1016/j.csda.2014.07.008.
- Kanafchian M. Investigation of the relationship between information technology (information literacy) and job performance of girls’ elementary school teachers in District 1 of Bandar Abbas [dissertation]. Bandar Abbas (Iran): Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas branch; 2015.
- Chang I. The effect of principals’ technological leadership on teachers’ technological literacy and teaching effectiveness in Taiwanese elementary schools. Educ Technol Soc. 2012;15(2):328-40.
- Hsieh KJ. Preservice teachers’ attitudes and opinions towards interactive whiteboards and e-textbooks. In: Lin S, Huang X, editors. Advances in computer science, environment, eco informatics, and education. 2011;6(217):362-6. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-23339-5_66.
- Masoom MR. Teachers’ perception of their work environment: evidence from the primary and secondary schools of Bangladesh. Educ Res Int. 2021;2021:4787558. doi: 10.1155/2021/4787558. PubMed PMID: 34462661; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8390157.
- Van der Heijden HR, Beijaard D, Geldens JJ, Popeijus HL. Understanding teachers as change agents: an investigation of primary school teachers’ self-perception. J Educ Change. 2018 Aug;19(3):347-73. doi: 10.1007/s10833-018-9320-9.
- Raza SA, Ahmed N. Measuring employees’ commitment through job satisfaction: perception of public primary school teachers. Bull Educ Res. 2017;39(1):129-44.
- Jarodzka H, Skuballa I, Gruber H. Eye-tracking in educational practice: investigating visual perception underlying teaching and learning in the classroom. Educ Psychol Rev. 2021 Mar;33(1):1-20. doi: 10.1007/s10648-020-09565-7.
- Fraillon J, Schulz W, Ainley J. International computer and information literacy study: assessment framework. Amsterdam: IEA; 2013.
- Cassell KA, Hiremath U. Reference and information services. 3rd ed. Chicago: Neal-Schuman; 2013.
- Asaloei SI, Wolomasi AK, Werang BR. Work-related stress and performance among primary school teachers. Int J Eval Res Educ. 2020;9(2):352-8. doi: 10.11591/ijere.v9i2.20335.
- Enrique Hinostroza J. New challenges for ICT in education policies in developing countries: the need to account for the widespread use of ICT for teaching and learning outside the school. In: ICT-supported innovations in small countries and developing regions: perspectives and recommendations for international education. 2018:99-119. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-67657-9_5.
- Looney J. Developing high-quality teachers: teacher evaluation for improvement. Eur J Educ. 2011 Dec;46(4):440-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1465-3435.2011.01492.x.
- Wolomasi AK, Asaloei SI, Werang BR. Job satisfaction and performance of elementary school teachers. Int J Eval Res Educ. 2019;8(4):575-80. doi: 10.11591/ijere.v8i4.20264.
- Nemati Anaraki D, Ziaeiparvar H, Sadeghi J. Assessing the information literacy of radio news employees in the digital age audiovisual media. J Audiovis Media. 2021;2(34):167-90. doi: 10.22085/javm.2020.204104.1411.
- Feng L, Jih-Lian HJ. Effects of teachers’ information literacy on lifelong learning and school effectiveness. Eurasia J Math Sci Technol Educ. 2016;12(6):1653-63. doi: 10.12973/eurasia.2016.1575a. PubMed PMID: 27965554; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5146985.
- Pinto M, Escalona-Fernández MI, Pulgarín A. Information literacy in social sciences and health sciences: a bibliometric study (1974–2011). Scientometrics. 2013;95(3):1071-94. doi: 10.1007/s11192-012-0899-y.
- Lloyd GC, Bassett-Jones N. Does Herzberg’s motivation theory have staying power? J Manag Dev. 2005;24(10):929-43. doi: 10.1108/02621710510627064.
- Fitzgerald MA. Evaluating information: an information literacy challenge. Sch Libr Media Res. 1999;2:1-23.
- Pierce R. Evaluating information: validity, reliability, accuracy, triangulation. Pierce: Research Methods in Politics; 2008. P. 79-99.
- Grizzle A, editor. Media and information literacy curriculum for teachers. Paris: UNESCO; 2011.
- Van Der Schaaf M, Slof B, Boven L, De Jong A. Evidence for measuring teachers’ core practices. Eur J Teach Educ. 2019;42(5):675-94. doi: 10.1080/02619768.2019.1652903.
- Peña-López I. Creating effective teaching and learning environments: first results from TALIS. In: OECD. Creating effective teaching and learning environments: first results from TALIS. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2009. p. 13-36.
- Pa-alisbo MA. The 21st century skills and job performance of teachers. Online Submission. 2017;8(32):7-12.
- Murithi J, Yoo JE. Teachers’ use of ICT in implementing the competency-based curriculum in Kenyan public primary schools. Innovation Educ. 2021;3(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s42862-021-00012-0.
- Sánchez J, Salinas A, Harris J. Education with ICT in South Korea and Chile. Int J Educ Dev. 2011;31(2):126-48. doi: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.03.003.
- Kozma RB. Learning with media. Rev Educ Res. 1991;61(2):179-211. doi: 10.3102/00346543061002179.
- Piper B, Jepkemei E, Kwayumba D, Kibukho K. Kenya’s ICT policy in practice: the effectiveness of tablets and e-readers in improving student outcomes. FIRE Forum Int Res Educ. 2015;2(1):3- doi: 10.18275/fire201502011025.
- Murithi J, Yoo JE. Teachers’ use of ICT in implementing the competency-based curriculum in Kenyan public primary schools. Innovation Educ. 2021;3(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s42862-021-00012-0.
- UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education. ICT in primary education: analytical survey. 2nd ed. Paris: UNESCO; 2012.
- Clark RE. Reconsidering research on learning from media. Rev Educ Res. 1983;53(4):445-59. doi: 10.3102/00346543053004445.
- Tonui B, Kerich E, Koross R. An investigation into implementation of ICT in primary schools, in Kenya, in the light of free laptops at primary one: a case study of teachers implementing ICT into their teaching practice. J Educ Pract. 2016;7(13):12-16.
|