1Department of Equational Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
2Department of E-learning, Virtual School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده
Background: Academic motivation is a fundamental aspect of learning that provides intensity and direction to a learner’s behavior. In recent years, the flipped classroom teaching method has gained popularity as a pedagogical approach that aims to enhance student learning outcomes and engagement. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of flipped classroom approach on elementary school students’ academic motivation and learning achievement. Methods: A pretest-posttest educational intervention study was carried out, involving both an intervention group and a control group. The research included 60 qualified students from two elementary schools in Shiraz, Iran, between August and December 2021. They were randomly allocated to intervention (flipped classroom approach, n=30) and control (traditional method, n=30) groups. To measure academic motivation, we utilized the Harter Academic Motivation standardized questionnaire, which consists of 33 items. Also, for measuring the learning achievement, a 20-item multiple-choice questionnaire was developed. The data were examined using IBM SPSS version 22.0. A Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted, with statistical significance set at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results: The average scores for learning achievement and academic motivation in the intervention groups showed a significantly greater increase compared to the control group (P<0.001). In contrast, in the control group, no significant changes were observed (P=0.29; p=0.80). Additionally, the outcomes demonstrated a significant increase in academic motivation scores among the flipped classroom group, particularly in the areas of preference for challenging academic tasks, focus on students’ curiosity, tendency towards independent mastery, and preference for easy work subscales, compared to the control group (P<0.001). The study did not find significant improvements in other areas of extrinsic motivation, such as satisfaction with the instructor or achieving grades, and reliance on the teacher’s evaluation. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the flipped classroom approach has the potential to enhance students' academic performance and motivation in science.
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